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Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…

Conditional generative models typically demand large annotated training sets to achieve high-quality synthesis. As a result, there has been significant interest in designing models that perform plug-and-play generation, i.e., to use a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Anoop Cherian , Suhas Lohit , Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Vishal M. Patel , Tim K. Marks

Diffusion models have become a powerful family of deep generative models, with record-breaking performance in many applications. This paper first gives an overview and derivation of the basic theory of diffusion models, then reviews the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yuansong Zhu , Yu Zhao

Autoregressive next-token prediction with the Transformer decoder has become a de facto standard in large language models (LLMs), achieving remarkable success in Natural Language Processing (NLP) at scale. Extending this paradigm to audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Shu-wen Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Kuan-Po Huang , Qingming Tang , Huy Phan , Bo-Ru Lu , Harsha Sundar , Shalini Ghosh , Hung-yi Lee , Chieh-Chi Kao , Chao Wang

Advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly improved synthetic speech generation. This paper explores diffusion models, a novel method for creating realistic synthetic speech. We create a diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Anton Firc , Kamil Malinka , Petr Hanáček

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Several recent studies have attempted to autoregressively generate continuous speech representations without discrete speech tokens by combining diffusion and autoregressive models, yet they often face challenges with excessive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Dongya Jia , Zhuo Chen , Jiawei Chen , Chenpeng Du , Jian Wu , Jian Cong , Xiaobin Zhuang , Chumin Li , Zhen Wei , Yuping Wang , Yuxuan Wang

Recently, the strong latent Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM) has been applied to high-quality Text-to-Image (T2I) generation (e.g., Stable Diffusion), by injecting the encoded target text prompt into the gradually denoised diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mingyang Yi , Aoxue Li , Yi Xin , Zhenguo Li

Diffusion models have shown exceptional scaling properties in the image synthesis domain, and initial attempts have shown similar benefits for applying diffusion to unconditional text synthesis. Denoising diffusion models attempt to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Matthew Baas , Kevin Eloff , Herman Kamper

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), a core component of the task-oriented dialogue system, expects a shorter inference latency due to the impatience of humans. Non-autoregressive SLU models clearly increase the inference speed but suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lizhi Cheng , Weijia Jia , Wenmian Yang

In the Text-to-speech(TTS) task, the latent diffusion model has excellent fidelity and generalization, but its expensive resource consumption and slow inference speed have always been a challenging. This paper proposes Discrete Diffusion…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Zhichao Wu , Qiulin Li , Sixing Liu , Qun Yang

Automatic layout generation that can synthesize high-quality layouts is an important tool for graphic design in many applications. Though existing methods based on generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Shang Chai , Liansheng Zhuang , Fengying Yan

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) provide an efficient non-causal alternative to autoregressive generation but often struggle with token dependencies and semantic incoherence due to their reliance on discrete marginal distributions. We address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Roy Uziel , Omer Belhasin , Itay Levy , Akhiad Bercovich , Ran El-Yaniv , Ran Zilberstein , Michael Elad

With the rapid development of diffusion models, style transfer has made remarkable progress. However, flexible and localized style editing for scene text remains an unsolved challenge. Although existing scene text editing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Honghui Yuan , Keiji Yanai

This paper presents the Text Encoding Diffusion Model (TEncDM), a novel approach to diffusion modeling that operates in the space of pre-trained language model encodings. In contrast to traditionally used embeddings, encodings integrate…

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on large language models (LLMs) achieve superior performance by leveraging pretrained LLMs as decoders, but their token-by-token generation mechanism leads to inference latency that grows…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wenjie Tian , Bingshen Mu , Guobin Ma , Xuelong Geng , Zhixian Zhao , Lei Xie

Research in vision-language models has seen rapid developments off-late, enabling natural language-based interfaces for image generation and manipulation. Many existing text guided manipulation techniques are restricted to specific classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Paramanand Chandramouli , Kanchana Vaishnavi Gandikota

Discrete diffusion models form a powerful class of generative models across diverse domains, including text and graphs. However, existing approaches face fundamental limitations. Masked diffusion models suffer from irreversible errors due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Marcel Kollovieh , Sirine Ayadi , Stephan Günnemann

Data-Free Knowledge Distillation (DFKD) plays a vital role in compressing the model when original training data is unavailable. Previous works for DFKD in NLP mainly focus on distilling encoder-only structures like BERT on classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Zheyuan Bai , Xinduo Liu , Hailin Hu , Tianyu Guo , Qinghua Zhang , Yunhe Wang

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have exhibited substantial potential for parallel text generation, which may enable more efficient generation compared to autoregressive models. However, current dLLMs suffer from fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yicun Yang , Cong Wang , Shaobo Wang , Zichen Wen , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang