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Large language models perform reliably when their outputs can be checked: solving equations, writing code, retrieving facts. They perform differently when checking is impossible, as when a clinician chooses an irreversible treatment on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Alejandro R Jadad

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will bring with it an ever-increasing willingness to cede decision-making to machines. But rather than just giving machines the power to make decisions that affect us, we need ways to work…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Elisa Bertino , Finale Doshi-Velez , Maria Gini , Daniel Lopresti , David Parkes

Inference attacks have been widely studied and offer a systematic risk assessment of ML services; however, their implementation and the attack parameters for optimal estimation are challenging for non-experts. The emergence of advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yixin Wu , Rui Wen , Chi Cui , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

In a rapidly evolving digital landscape autonomous tools and robots are becoming commonplace. Recognizing the significance of this development, this paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Generative pre-trained…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Younes Lakhnati , Max Pascher , Jens Gerken

Prompt engineering is a crucial yet challenging task for optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on customized tasks. This pioneering research introduces the Automatic Prompt Engineering Toolbox (APET), which enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Daan Kepel , Konstantina Valogianni

Reproducing computational research is often assumed to be as simple as rerunning the original code with provided data. In practice, missing packages, fragile file paths, version conflicts, or incomplete logic frequently cause analyses to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Syed Mehtab Hussain Shah , Frank Hopfgartner , Arnim Bleier

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through the advent of large-scale generative AI (GenAI) models such as Large Language Models (LLMs), has become a transformative element in contemporary technology. While these models have unlocked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Sung Une Lee , Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing

As generative AI (GenAI) agents become more common in enterprise settings, they introduce security challenges that differ significantly from those posed by traditional systems. These agents are not just LLMs; they reason, remember, and act,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vineeth Sai Narajala , Om Narayan

Artificial intelligence's (AI) progress holds great promise in tackling pressing societal concerns such as health and climate. Large Language Models (LLM) and the derived chatbots, like ChatGPT, have highly improved the natural language…

Specialized clinical AI assistants are rapidly entering medical practice, often framed as safer or more reliable than general-purpose large language models (LLMs). Yet, unlike frontier models, these clinical tools are rarely subjected to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Krithik Vishwanath , Mrigayu Ghosh , Anton Alyakin , Daniel Alexander Alber , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs , Eric Karl Oermann

This report analyzes the potential for large language models (LLMs) to expedite accurate replication and generalization of published research about message effects in marketing. LLM-powered participants (personas) were tested by replicating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Leo Yeykelis , Kaavya Pichai , James J. Cummings , Byron Reeves

As generative AI becomes increasingly embedded in everyday workflows, it is important to evaluate its performance in ways that reflect real-world usage rather than abstract notions of intelligence. Unlike many existing benchmarks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Justin K Miller , Wenjia Tang

Independent evaluation and red teaming are critical for identifying the risks posed by generative AI systems. However, the terms of service and enforcement strategies used by prominent AI companies to deter model misuse have disincentives…

Generative AI models are capable of performing a wide variety of tasks that have traditionally required creativity and human understanding. During training, they learn patterns from existing data and can subsequently generate new content…

Many promising-looking ideas in AI research fail to deliver, but their validation takes substantial human labor and compute. Predicting an idea's chance of success is thus crucial for accelerating empirical AI research, a skill that even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaxin Wen , Chenglei Si , Yueh-han Chen , He He , Shi Feng

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is about making computers that do the sorts of things that minds can do, and as we progress towards this goal, we tend to increasingly delegate human tasks to machines. However, AI systems usually do these tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Peter R. Lewis , Stefan Sarkadi

There has been considerable divergence of opinion on the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While the initial optimism that reasoning might emerge automatically with scale has been tempered thanks to a slew of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research across all disciplines is becoming ubiquitous. However, this ubiquity is largely driven by hyperspecific AI models developed during scientific studies for accomplishing a well-defined,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rishab Jain , Aditya Jain

Advancements in deep learning have generated a large-scale interest in the development of foundational deep learning models. The development of Large Language Models (LLM) has evolved as a transformative paradigm in conversational tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Nikil Sharan Prabahar Balasubramanian , Sagnik Dakshit
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