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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have attained exceptional success across multimodal tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, their robustness under noisy conditions remains unfamiliar. In this study, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Purushoth , Alireza

Transforming a large language model (LLM) into a Vision-Language Model (VLM) can be achieved by mapping the visual tokens from a vision encoder into the embedding space of an LLM. Intriguingly, this mapping can be as simple as a shallow MLP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Benno Krojer , Shravan Nayak , Oscar Mañas , Vaibhav Adlakha , Desmond Elliott , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach

Compositional reasoning in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains challenging as these models often struggle to relate objects, attributes, and spatial relationships. Recent methods aim to address these limitations by relying on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Paola Cascante-Bonilla , Yu Hou , Yang Trista Cao , Hal Daumé , Rachel Rudinger

Visual imagery does not consist of solitary objects, but instead reflects the composition of a multitude of fluid concepts. While there have been great advances in visual representation learning, such advances have focused on building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Austin Stone , Hagen Soltau , Robert Geirhos , Xi Yi , Ye Xia , Bingyi Cao , Kaifeng Chen , Abhijit Ogale , Jonathon Shlens

Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend remarkable capabilities of text-only large language models and vision-only models, and are able to learn from and process multi-modal vision-text input. While modern VLMs perform well on a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hannah Sterz , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate multimodal content, including presentation slides, yet their slide-specific understanding remains underexplored {despite their growing role as critics in agentic, model-forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hyeonsu Kang , Emily Bao , Anjan Goswami

Vision language models (VLMs) are AI systems paired with both language and vision encoders to process multimodal input. They are capable of performing complex semantic tasks such as automatic captioning, but it remains an open question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tyler Tran , Sangeet Khemlani , J. G. Trafton

Accurately describing images with text is a foundation of explainable AI. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have recently addressed this by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, expressing semantic similarities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Pingchuan Ma , Lennart Rietdorf , Dmytro Kotovenko , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in visual understanding but often lack reliable grounding capabilities and actionable inference rates. Integrating them with open-vocabulary object detection (OVD), instance segmentation, and tracking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Bastian Pätzold , Jan Nogga , Sven Behnke

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong semantic recognition, yet remain brittle on elementary spatial relations such as left of, on, behind, and between. One cause of this failure arises before language reasoning begins: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Renjie Gu , Kaichen Zhou , Yan Luo , Mengyu Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Recent advancements in text-to-image models, particularly diffusion models, have shown significant promise. However, compositional text-to-image models frequently encounter difficulties in generating high-quality images that accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Song Wen , Guian Fang , Renrui Zhang , Peng Gao , Hao Dong , Dimitris Metaxas

Despite progress in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), their capacity for visual reasoning is often limited by the binding problem: the failure to reliably associate perceptual features with their correct visual referents. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Amirmohammad Izadi , Mohammad Ali Banayeeanzade , Fatemeh Askari , Ali Rahimiakbar , Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Vision-language models encode images and text in a joint space, minimizing the distance between corresponding image and text pairs. How are language and images organized in this joint space, and how do the models encode meaning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Isabel Papadimitriou , Huangyuan Su , Thomas Fel , Sham Kakade , Stephanie Gil

Despite significant progress in multimodal language models (LMs), it remains unclear whether visual grounding enhances their understanding of embodied knowledge compared to text-only models. To address this question, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhihui Yang , Yupei Wang , Kaijie Mo , Zhe Zhao , Renfen Hu

Language provides a natural interface to specify and evaluate performance on visual tasks. To realize this possibility, vision language models (VLMs) must successfully integrate visual and linguistic information. Our work compares VLMs to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Stephanie Fu , Tyler Bonnen , Devin Guillory , Trevor Darrell

Unified multimodal models that couple visual understanding with image generation have advanced rapidly, yet most systems still focus on visual grounding-aligning language with image regions-while their generative counterpart,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuanke Shi , Boxuan Li , Xiaoyang Han , Zhongang Cai , Lei Yang , Quan Wang , Dahua Lin

The recent developments in deep learning led to the integration of natural language processing (NLP) with computer vision, resulting in powerful integrated Vision and Language Models (VLMs). Despite their remarkable capabilities, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Harshit , Tolga Tasdizen
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