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In recent years, the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) have made tremendous progress thanksto deep learning models like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and Long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Manish Gupta , Puneet Agrawal

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Deep neural networks have delivered remarkable performance and have been widely used in various visual tasks. However, their huge size causes significant inconvenience for transmission and storage. Many previous studies have explored model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yumeng Shi , Shihao Bai , Xiuying Wei , Ruihao Gong , Jianlei Yang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) hold huge potential for usage in the medical domain, but their computational costs necessitate efficient compression techniques. This paper evaluates the impact of structural pruning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Tanvir A. Khan , Aranya Saha , Ismam N. Swapnil , Mohammad A. Haque

Understanding the internal functional organization of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their trustworthiness and performance. However, how LLMs organize different functions into modules remains highly unexplored. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yanke Yu , Jin Li , Ying Sun , Ping Li , Zhefeng Wang , Yi Zheng

Training stability is a persistent challenge in the pre-training of large language models (LLMs), particularly for architectures such as Post-Norm Transformers, which are prone to gradient explosion and dissipation. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Ya Wang , Zhijian Zhuo , Yutao Zeng , Xun Zhou , Jian Yang , Xiaoqing Li

Large language models (LLMs) show excellent performance in difficult tasks, but they often require massive memories and computational resources. How to reduce the parameter scale of LLMs has become research hotspots. In this study, we make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Guangyan Li , Yongqiang Tang , Wensheng Zhang

Overparameterized models have proven to be powerful tools for solving various machine learning tasks. However, overparameterization often leads to a substantial increase in computational and memory costs, which in turn requires extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Soo Min Kwon , Zekai Zhang , Dogyoon Song , Laura Balzano , Qing Qu

Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and, thus, are too resource-hungry and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Prakhar Ganesh , Yao Chen , Xin Lou , Mohammad Ali Khan , Yin Yang , Hassan Sajjad , Preslav Nakov , Deming Chen , Marianne Winslett

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art models on most of today's NLP tasks and benchmarks. Yet, the community is only slowly adopting these models for text embedding tasks, which require rich contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Parishad BehnamGhader , Vaibhav Adlakha , Marius Mosbach , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Nicolas Chapados , Siva Reddy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have played an important role in many fields due to their powerful capabilities.However, their massive number of parameters leads to high deployment requirements and incurs significant inference costs, which…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significant impact on the healthcare scenarios but remain prohibitively large for deployment in real-time, resource-constrained environments such as edge devices. In this work, we introduce a novel medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Uttej Kallakurik , Edward Humes , Rithvik Jonna , Xiaomin Lin , Tinoosh Mohsenin

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are increasingly large and complex to achieve the best possible accuracy. In this paper, we build an AutoML system that uses reinforcement learning (RL) to optimize the per-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Łukasz Dudziak , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Ravichander Vipperla , Stefanos Laskaridis , Nicholas D. Lane

We introduce compression laws for language language models (LLMs). While recent scaling laws have sought to understand how LLMs scale with respect to model size, pre-training data, and computational resources, we focus on understanding how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In recent literature, contextual pretrained Language Models (LMs) demonstrated their potential in generalizing the knowledge to several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Max Raphael Sobroza , Tales Marra , Deok-Hee Kim-Dufor , Claude Berrou

Large language models (LLMs) targeting different deployment scales and sizes are currently produced by training each variant from scratch; this is extremely compute-intensive. In this paper, we investigate if pruning an existing LLM and…

Despite the rapid evolution of training paradigms, the decoder backbone of large vision--language models (LVLMs) remains fundamentally rooted in the residual-connection Transformer architecture. Therefore, deciphering the distinct roles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gongli Xi , Ye Tian , Mengyu Yang , Huahui Yi , Liang Lin , Xiaoshuai Hao , Kun Wang , Wendong Wang

Despite achieving state-of-the-art performance on many NLP tasks, the high energy cost and long inference delay prevent Transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs) from seeing broader adoption including for edge and mobile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Canwen Xu , Julian McAuley

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant activation sparsity, where only a subset of neurons are active for a given input. Although this sparsity presents opportunities to reduce computational cost, efficiently utilizing it requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Xinyue Zhang , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Kun Suo

Knowledge distillation (KD) has been a predominant method for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we first revisit KD and Low-Rank Adaption (LoRA) and demonstrate that they follow the same paradigm. Inspired by this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Runming Yang , Taiqiang Wu , Jiahao Wang , Pengfei Hu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang