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This is a preprint of a review article that has not yet undergone peer review. The content is intended for early dissemination and academic discussion. The final version may differ upon formal publication. As the Fourth Industrial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jaehong Oh

As robot technology advances, collaboration between humans and robots will become more prevalent in industrial tasks. When humans run into issues in such scenarios, a likely future involves relying on artificial agents or robots for aid.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ane San Martin , Michael Hagenow , Julie Shah , Johan Kildal , Elena Lazkano

This work compares three interaction modalities for human-robot collaboration: passive, reactive, and proactive. We studied 18 participants assembling a seven-layer colored tower from memory while using nearby and distant blocks. In the…

Effective communication is essential for safety and efficiency in human-robot collaboration, particularly in shared workspaces. This paper investigates the impact of nonverbal communication on human-robot interaction (HRI) by integrating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Maria Ibrahim , Alap Kshirsagar , Dorothea Koert , Jan Peters

Human trust plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of human-robot collaboration. Despite its significance, the development and maintenance of an optimal trust level are obstructed by the complex nature of influencing factors and their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hao Guo , Bangan Wu , Qi Li , Zhen Ding , Feng Jiang , Chunzhi Yi

In the rapidly evolving landscape of human-robot collaboration, effective communication between humans and robots is crucial for complex task execution. Traditional request-response systems often lack naturalness and may hinder efficiency.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Davide Ferrari , Filippo Alberi , Cristian Secchi

The study of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) aims to create close and friendly communication between humans and robots. In the human-center HRI, an essential aspect of implementing a successful and effective HRI is building a natural and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Xihao Wang , Hao Shen , Hui Yu , Jielong Guo , Xian Wei

What is considered safe for a robot operator during physical human-robot collaboration (HRC) is specified in corresponding HRC standards (e.g., ISO/TS 15066). The regime that allows collisions between the moving robot and the operator,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Lukas Rustler , Matej Misar , Matej Hoffmann

For robots to seamlessly interact with humans, we first need to make sure that humans and robots understand one another. Diverse algorithms have been developed to enable robots to learn from humans (i.e., transferring information from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Soheil Habibian , Antonio Alvarez Valdivia , Laura H. Blumenschein , Dylan P. Losey

The current transformation towards smart manufacturing has led to a growing demand for human-robot collaboration (HRC) in the manufacturing process. Perceiving and understanding the human co-worker's behaviour introduces challenges for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zheyu Zhuang , Yizhak Ben-Shabat , Jiahao Zhang , Stephen Gould , Robert Mahony

Human-Robot-Interaction (HRI) research is typically built around the premise that the robot serves to assist a human in achieving a human-led goal or shared task. However, there are many circumstances during HRI in which a robot may need…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-07-26 David Cameron , Ee Jing Loh , Adriel Chua , Emily Collins , Jonathan M. Aitken , James Law

With robots becoming increasingly prevalent in various domains, it has become crucial to equip them with tools to achieve greater fluency in interactions with humans. One of the promising areas for further exploration lies in human trust. A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Haley N. Green , Tariq Iqbal

We are developing a system for human-robot communication that enables people to communicate with robots in a natural way and is focused on solving problems in a shared space. Our strategy for developing this system is fundamentally…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Michael Wollowski , Carlotta Berry , Ryder Winck , Alan Jern , David Voltmer , Alan Chiu , Yosi Shibberu

This paper aims to provide a clear and rigorous understanding of commonly recognized safety constraints in physical human-robot interaction, particularly regarding ISO/TS 15066. We investigate the derivation of these constraints, critically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Riccardo Zanella , Federico Califano , Stefano Stramigioli

In this paper we introduce the combined use of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and Haptic interfaces. We propose to adapt haptic guides based on the mental activity measured by a BCI system. This novel approach is illustrated within a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Laurent George , Maud Marchal , Loeïz Glondu , Anatole Lécuyer

For some years now, the use of social, anthropomorphic robots in various situations has been on the rise. These are robots developed to interact with humans and are equipped with corresponding extremities. They already support human users…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Vignesh Prasad , Ruth Stock-Homburg , Jan Peters

Human emotions are expressed through multiple modalities, including verbal and non-verbal information. Moreover, the affective states of human users can be the indicator for the level of engagement and successful interaction, suitable for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Baijun Xie , Chung Hyuk Park

To enable safe and effective human-robot collaboration (HRC) in smart manufacturing, seamless integration of sensing, cognition, and prediction into the robot controller is critical for real-time awareness, response, and communication…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dianhao Zhang , Mien Van , Pantelis Sopasakis , Seán McLoone

Humans are experts in physical collaboration by leveraging cognitive abilities such as perception, reasoning, and decision-making to regulate compliance behaviors based on their partners' states and task requirements. Equipping robots with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chenzui Li , Xi Wu , Yiming Chen , Tao Teng , Xuefeng Zhang , Sylvain Calinon , Darwin Caldwell , Fei Chen

The human brain remains continuously active, whether an individual is working or at rest. Mental activity is a daily process, and if the brain becomes excessively active, known as overload, it can adversely affect human health. Recently,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Hong-Hai Nguyen , Ngumimi Karen Iyortsuun , Seungwon Kim , Hyung-Jeong Yang , Soo-Hyung Kim