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Electromagnetic field confinement is crucial for nanophotonic technologies, since it allows for enhancing light-matter interactions, thus enabling light manipulation in deep sub-wavelength scales. In the terahertz (THz) spectral range,…

Mid-infrared nano-imaging and spectroscopy of two-dimensional (2D) materials have been limited so far to scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-NSOM) experiments where light from the sample is scattered by a…

Heterostructures of van der Waals bonded layered materials offer unique means to tailor dielectric screening with atomic-layer precision, opening a fertile field of fundamental research. The optical analyses used so far have relied on…

Polaritons in 2D and van der Waals (vdW) materials have been investigated in several recent works as an innovative platform for light-matter interaction, rich of new physical phenomena.Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN), in particular, is an…

Phonon polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of photons with optical phonons. Excitation and control of these quasiparticles in 2D materials offer the opportunity to confine and transport light at the nanoscale. Here,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-13 Zhiwen Shi , Hans A. Bechte , Samuel Berweger , Yinghui Sun , Bo Zeng , Chenhao Jin , Henry Chang , Michael C. Martin , Markus B. Raschke , Feng Wang

Rational design of artificial lattices yields effects unavailable in simple solids, and vertical superlattices of multilayer semiconductors are already used in optical sensors and emitters. Manufacturing lateral superlattices remains a much…

Van der Waals heterostructures, vertical stacks of layered materials, offer newopportunities for novel quantum phenomena which are absent in their constituent components. Here we report the emergence of polaron quasiparticles at the…

Accessing mid-infrared radiation is of great importance for a range of applications, including thermal imaging, sensing, and radiative cooling. Here, we study light interaction with hexagonal boron nitride nanocavities and reveal strong and…

Van der Waals heterostructures assembled from layers of 2D materials have attracted considerable interest due to their novel optical and electrical properties. Here we report a scattering-type scanning near field optical microscopy study of…

The ability to control the polarization of light at the extreme nanoscale has long been a major scientific and technological goal for photonics. Here we predict the phenomenon of polarization splitting through van der Waals heterostructures…

Optics · Physics 2018-07-20 Shahnawaz Shah , Xiao Lin , Lian Shen , Maturi Renuka , Baile Zhang , Hongsheng Chen

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) confine mid-infrared light to deep-subwavelength scales and may offer a powerful route to strong light-matter interactions. Generation and control of HPPs are typically…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jie-Cheng Feng , Johannes Eberle , Sambuddha Chattopadhyay , Johannes Knörzer , Eugene Demler , Ataç İmamoğlu

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) enable subwavelength light control for infrared sensing, imaging, and optoelectronics, but conventional polar materials have narrow Reststrahlen bands, limiting applications. Materials that support PhPs with broad…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-21 Peiyi He , Jiade Li , Cong Li , Ning Li , Bo Han , Ruochen Shi , Ruishi Qi , Jinlong Du , Pu Yu , Peng Gao

In recent years there has been significant fundamental research into phonon polaritons, owing to their ability to compress light to extremely small dimensions, low-losses, and ability to support anisotropic propagation. In this perspective,…

Exciton-polaritons provide a versatile platform for the study of a wide range of phenomena, including polariton lasers, topological polaritons, and bosonic condensation. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers host excitons with large…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Lukas Krelle , Lukas Husel , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Ismail Bilgin , Alexander Högele , Farsane Tabataba-Vakili

Polaritons are light-matter quasiparticles that govern the optical response of quantum materials and enable their nanophotonic applications. We have studied a new type of polaritons arising in magnetized graphene encapsulated in hexagonal…

In recent years, the hybridization of hyperbolic van der Waals heterostructures with plasmonic two-dimensional nano-materials is one of the interesting research areas at THz frequencies due to the coupled features of the hybrid structure.…

Polaritonic crystals - periodic structures where the hybrid light-matter waves called polaritons can form Bloch states - promise a deeply subdiffractional nanolight manipulation and enhanced light-matter interaction. In particular,…

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) in freestanding and supported multilayers (MuLs) of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are systematically studied using a macroscopic optical-phonon model. The PhP properties such as confinement, group velocity,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Jian-zhong Zhang

Uniaxial materials whose axial and tangential permittivities have opposite signs are referred to as indefinite or hyperbolic media. In such materials light propagation is unusual, leading to novel and often non-intuitive optical phenomena.…

Enhanced light-matter interactions are the basis of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, and conventionally rely on plasmonic materials and their capability to focus light to nanoscale spot sizes. Phonon polariton…