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I present general analytic expressions for distance calculations (comoving distance, time coordinate, and absorption distance) in the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, allowing for the presence of radiation and for non-zero curvature. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 Konstantin Karchev

Ever brighter light sources, fast parallel detectors, and advances in phase retrieval methods, have made ptychography a practical and popular imaging technique. Compared to previous techniques, ptychography provides superior robustness and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-07-20 Stefano Marchesini , Hari Krishnan , Benedikt J. Daurer , David A. Shapiro , Talita Perciano , James A. Sethian , Filipe R. N. C. Maia

Early and correct diagnosis is a very important aspect of cancer treatment. Detection of tumour in Computed Tomography scan is a tedious and tricky task which requires expert knowledge and a lot of human working hours. As small human error…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Devesh Walawalkar

Particle therapy is an established method to treat deep-seated tumours using accelerator-produced ion beams. For treatment planning, the precise knowledge of the relative stopping power (RSP) within the patient is vital. Conversion errors…

Recent advances in face super-resolution research have utilized the Transformer architecture. This method processes the input image into a series of small patches. However, because of the strong correlation between different facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Chao Yang , Yong Fan , Cheng Lu , Minghao Yuan , Zhijing Yang

Understanding high-dimensional data requires projecting it into lower-dimensional spaces, but any single projection inevitably loses information or introduces distortions. Tours address this limitation through animation of 2D projection…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fritz Lekschas , Nezar Abdennur

Ensuring robust 3D object detection and localization is crucial for many applications in robotics and autonomous driving. Recent models, however, face difficulties in maintaining high performance when applied to domains with differing…

Over the most recent years, quantized graph neural network (QGNN) attracts lots of research and industry attention due to its high robustness and low computation and memory overhead. Unfortunately, the performance gains of QGNN have never…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Yuke Wang , Boyuan Feng , Yufei Ding

DELIMIT is a framework extension for deep learning in diffusion imaging, which extends the basic framework PyTorch towards spherical signals. Based on several novel layers, deep learning can be applied to spherical diffusion imaging data in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Simon Koppers , Dorit Merhof

In this paper, we present XctDiff, an algorithm framework for reconstructing CT from a single radiograph, which decomposes the reconstruction process into two easily controllable tasks: feature extraction and CT reconstruction.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-17 Qingze Bai , Tiange Liu , Zhi Liu , Yubing Tong , Drew Torigian , Jayaram Udupa

Industrial CT is useful for defect detection, dimensional inspection and geometric analysis. While it does not meet the needs of industrial mass production, because of its time-consuming imaging procedure. This article proposes a novel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-20 Zheng Fang , Tingjun Wang , Bingan Yuan , Xinlin Qing , Shunren Li

Low-dose Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is an evolving imaging modality that is used in proton therapy planning which addresses the range uncertainty problem. The goal of pCT is generating a 3D map of Relative Stopping Power (RSP)…

magnum.np is a micromagnetic finite-difference library completely based on the tensor library PyTorch. The use of such a high level library leads to a highly maintainable and extensible code base which is the ideal candidate for the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-02-20 Florian Bruckner , Sabri Koraltan , Claas Abert , Dieter Suess

The use of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) to solve inverse problems such as slice-to-volume registration and 3D reconstruction is well-studied in preoperative settings. In intraoperative imaging, the utility of DRRs is limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Vivek Gopalakrishnan , Polina Golland

Medical imaging segmentation plays a significant role in the automatic recognition and analysis of lesions. State-of-the-art methods, particularly those utilizing transformers, have been prominently adopted in 3D semantic segmentation due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Shengbo Tan , Zeyu Zhang , Ying Cai , Daji Ergu , Lin Wu , Binbin Hu , Pengzhang Yu , Yang Zhao

We propose a novel approach to translate unpaired contrast computed tomography (CT) scans to non-contrast CT scans and the other way around. Solving this task has two important applications: (i) to automatically generate contrast CT scans…

Treatment planning systems at proton-therapy centres generally use X-ray computed tomography (CT) as primary imaging technique to infer the proton treatment doses to tumour and healthy tissues. However, proton stopping powers in the body,…

Tomographic image sizes keep increasing over time and while the GPUs that compute the tomographic reconstruction are also increasing in memory size, they are not doing so fast enough to reconstruct the largest datasets. This problem is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Ander Biguri , Reuben Lindroos , Robert Bryll , Hossein Towsyfyan , Hans Deyhle , Richard Boardman , Mark Mavrogordato , Manjit Dosanjh , Steven Hancock , Thomas Blumensath

Tomographic volumetric 3D printing offers layer free, rapid fabrication of objects with high design freedom, but is limited to relatively small curing volumes because of the optical constraints imposed by an assumed need for telecentricity.…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-10 Hossein Safari , S. Kaveh Hedayati , Aminul Islam , Yi Yang

Intraoperative ultrasound imaging provides real-time guidance during numerous surgical procedures, but its interpretation is complicated by noise, artifacts, and poor alignment with high-resolution preoperative MRI/CT scans. To bridge the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Noe Bertramo , Gabriel Duguey , Vivek Gopalakrishnan