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We introduce an algorithm for approximating the codebook probability that is compatible with all successive cancellation (SC)-based decoding algorithms, including SC list (SCL) decoding. This approximation is based on an auxiliary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a family of hard- and soft-detection error correction decoding algorithms that provide accurate decoding of any moderate redundancy code of any length. Here we establish a method through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Kevin Galligan , Peihong Yuan , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy

We establish that it is possible to extract accurate blockwise and bitwise soft output from Guessing Codeword Decoding with minimal additional computational complexity by considering it as a variant of Guessing Random Additive Noise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ken R. Duffy , Peihong Yuan , Joseph Griffin , Muriel Medard

We establish that a large, flexible class of long, high redundancy error correcting codes can be efficiently and accurately decoded with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND). Performance evaluation demonstrates that it is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Peihong Yuan , Muriel Medard , Kevin Galligan , Ken R. Duffy

Proposals have been made to reduce the guesswork of Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) for binary linear codes by leveraging codebook structure at the expense of degraded block error rate (BLER). We establish one can preserve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lukas Rapp , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a universal decoding algorithm that can be used to perform maximum likelihood decoding. It attempts to find the errors introduced by the channel by generating a sequence of possible error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Carlo Condo

The design and implementation of error correcting codes has long been informed by two fundamental results: Shannon's 1948 capacity theorem, which established that long codes use noisy channels most efficiently; and Berlekamp, McEliece, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Wei An

Future beyond-5G and 6G systems demand ultra-reliable, low-latency communication with short blocklengths, motivating the development of universal decoding algorithms. Guessing decoding, which infers the noise or codeword candidate in order…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Qianfan Wang , Jifan Liang , Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Xiao Ma

Modern applications are driving demand for ultra-reliable low-latency communications, rekindling interest in the performance of short, high-rate error correcting codes. To that end, here we introduce a soft-detection variant of Guessing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Ken R. Duffy

Guessing Codeword Decoding (GCD) is a recently proposed soft-input forward error correction decoder for arbitrary binary linear codes. Inspired by recent proposals that leverage binary linear codebook structure to reduce the number of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joseph Griffin , Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Medard

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a universal maximum-likelihood decoder that recovers code-words by guessing rank-ordered putative noise sequences and inverting their effect until one or more valid code-words are obtained.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hadi Sarieddeen , Muriel Médard , Ken. R. Duffy

In this paper, we distinguish two guessing algorithms for decoding binary linear codes. One is the guessing noise decoding (GND) algorithm, and the other is the guessing codeword decoding (GCD) algorithm. We prove that the GCD is a maximum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Xiao Ma

Error correction techniques traditionally focus on the co-design of restricted code-structures in tandem with code-specific decoders that are computationally efficient when decoding long codes in hardware. Modern applications are, however,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ken R. Duffy , Wei An , Muriel Medard

There have been significant advances in recent years in the development of forward error correction decoders that can decode codes of any structure, including practical realizations in synthesized circuits and taped out chips. While…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jiewei Feng , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a maximum likelihood (ML) decoding method that identifies the noise effects corrupting code-words of arbitrary code-books. In a joint detection and decoding framework, this work…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hadi Sarieddeen , Muriel Médard , Ken. R. Duffy

Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding of forward error correction codes is known to be optimally accurate, but is not used in practice as it proves too challenging to efficiently implement. Here we introduce a ML decoder called SGRAND, which is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Amit Solomon , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed decoding method searching for the error pattern applied to the transmitted codeword. Ordered reliability bit GRAND (ORBGRAND) uses soft channel information to reorder…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Carlo Condo , Valerio Bioglio , Ingmar Land

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed universal Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoder for short-length and high-rate linear block-codes. Soft-GRAND (SGRAND) is a prominent soft-input GRAND variant, outperforming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Syed Mohsin Abbas , Marwan Jalaleddine , Warren J. Gross

The soft-output successive cancellation list (SO-SCL) decoder provides a methodology for estimating the a-posteriori probability log-likelihood ratios by only leveraging the conventional SCL decoder of polar codes. However, the sequential…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Li Shen , Yongpeng Wu , Zhen Gao , Yin Xu , Xiaohu You , Xiqi Gao , Wenjun Zhang

We combine two approaches to optimize the iterative decoding of product codes with precoded polar component codes. On one side, we generate bitwise soft messages based on the codebook probability, an approximation of an auxiliary quantity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Nicolás Alvarez Prado , Andreas Straßhofer
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