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Missing data is a systemic problem in practical scenarios that causes noise and bias when estimating treatment effects. This makes treatment effect estimation from data with missingness a particularly tricky endeavour. A key reason for this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Jeroen Berrevoets , Fergus Imrie , Trent Kyono , James Jordon , Mihaela van der Schaar

This tutorial aims to provide signal processing (SP) and machine learning (ML) practitioners with vital tools, in an accessible way, to answer the question: How to deal with missing data? There are many strategies to handle incomplete…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Alexandre Hippert-Ferrer , Aude Sportisse , Amirhossein Javaheri , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Daniel P. Palomar

Inherently interpretable machine learning (IML) models offer valuable support for clinical decision-making but face challenges when features contain missing values. Traditional approaches, such as imputation or discarding incomplete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Lena Stempfle , Arthur James , Julie Josse , Tobias Gauss , Fredrik D. Johansson

Missing data is a fundamental obstacle in the practice of data science. This paper surveys a few conventions for imputation as available in the Automunge open source python library platform for tabular data preprocessing, including "ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Nicholas J. Teague

Classifying samples in incomplete datasets is a common aim for machine learning practitioners, but is non-trivial. Missing data is found in most real-world datasets and these missing values are typically imputed using established methods,…

Missing data in online reinforcement learning (RL) poses challenges compared to missing data in standard tabular data or in offline policy learning. The need to impute and act at each time step means that imputation cannot be put off until…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Kyla Chasalow , Skyler Wu , Susan Murphy

The problem of missing data, usually absent incurated and competition-standard datasets, is an unfortunate reality for most machine learning models used in industry applications. Recent work has focused on understanding the nature and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Spyridon Mouselinos , Kyriakos Polymenakos , Antonis Nikitakis , Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos

Background: Existing guidelines for handling missing data are generally not consistent with the goals of prediction modelling, where missing data can occur at any stage of the model pipeline. Multiple imputation (MI), often heralded as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-27 Rose Sisk , Matthew Sperrin , Niels Peek , Maarten van Smeden , Glen P. Martin

Objective: The proper handling of missing values is critical to delivering reliable estimates and decisions, especially in high-stakes fields such as clinical research. The increasing diversity and complexity of data have led many…

Missing data imputation can help improve the performance of prediction models in situations where missing data hide useful information. This paper compares methods for imputing missing categorical data for supervised classification tasks.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Jason Poulos , Rafael Valle

Incomplete data are common in practical applications. Most predictive machine learning models do not handle missing values so they require some preprocessing. Although many algorithms are used for data imputation, we do not understand the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-07 Katarzyna Woźnica , Przemysław Biecek

Clinical decision support using data mining techniques offers more intelligent way to reduce the decision error in the last few years. However, clinical datasets often suffer from high missingness, which adversely impacts the quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Xuetong Wu , Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi , Uwe Aickelin , Zobaida Edib , Michelle Peate

Machine learning (ML) has become a ubiquitous tool across various domains of data mining and big data analysis. The efficacy of ML models depends heavily on high-quality datasets, which are often complicated by the presence of missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Abu Fuad Ahmad , Md Shohel Sayeed , Khaznah Alshammari , Istiaque Ahmed

While machine learning (ML) methods have received a lot of attention in recent years, these methods are primarily for prediction. Empirical researchers conducting policy evaluations are, on the other hand, pre-occupied with causal problems,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-04 Noemi Kreif , Karla DiazOrdaz

Analysis of the fairness of machine learning (ML) algorithms recently attracted many researchers' interest. Most ML methods show bias toward protected groups, which limits the applicability of ML models in many applications like crime rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Haris Mansoor , Sarwan Ali , Shafiq Alam , Muhammad Asad Khan , Umair ul Hassan , Imdadullah Khan

Data corruption, including missing and noisy data, poses significant challenges in real-world machine learning. This study investigates the effects of data corruption on model performance and explores strategies to mitigate these effects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Qi Liu , Wanjing Ma

Data collected in clinical trials are often composed of multiple types of variables. For example, laboratory measurements and vital signs are longitudinal data of continuous or categorical variables, adverse events may be recurrent events,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-12 Tuo Wang , Rachel Zilinskas , Ying Li , Yongming Qu

Missing data is a challenge when developing, validating and deploying clinical prediction models (CPMs). Traditionally, decisions concerning missing data handling during CPM development and validation havent accounted for whether…

We present a framework for generating multiple imputations for continuous data when the missing data mechanism is unknown. Imputations are generated from more than one imputation model in order to incorporate uncertainty regarding the…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-14 Juned Siddique , Ofer Harel , Catherine M. Crespi

Missing data often exists in real-world datasets, requiring significant time and effort for data repair to learn accurate models. In this paper, we show that imputing all missing values is not always necessary to achieve an accurate ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Cheng Zhen , Prayoga , Nischal Aryal , Arash Termehchy , Garrett Biwer , Lubna Alzamil
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