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Communications in highly dynamic channels relying on training-based channel estimation experience a trade-off between increasing channel measurement accuracy by sending more frequent training sequences and increasing data rate by sending…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Duschia Bodet , Muriel Médard , Muralidhar Rangaswamy , Ken Duffy

The transformer architecture, which processes sequences of input tokens to produce outputs for query tokens, has revolutionized numerous areas of machine learning. A defining feature of transformers is their ability to perform previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan , Yingbin Liang

A canonical wireless communication system consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The information bit stream is transmitted after coding, modulation, and pulse shaping. Due to the effects of radio frequency (RF) impairments, channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Shilian Zheng , Shichuan Chen , Xiaoniu Yang

The emergence of In-Context Learning (ICL) in LLMs remains a remarkable phenomenon that is partially understood. To explain ICL, recent studies have created theoretical connections to Gradient Descent (GD). We ask, do such connections hold…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Lingfeng Shen , Aayush Mishra , Daniel Khashabi

This paper proposes a semantic pilot design for data-aided channel estimation in text-inclusive data transmission, using a large language model (LLM). In this scenario, channel impairments often appear as typographical errors in the decoded…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Sojeong Park , Hyun Jong Yang

Large language models have demonstrated the ability to perform \textit{in-context learning} (ICL), whereby the model performs predictions by directly mapping the query and a few examples from the given task to the output variable. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Meng Hua , Wenjing Zhang , Chenghong Bian , Deniz Gunduz

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to solve novel tasks without weight updates. Despite its empirical success, the mechanism behind ICL remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to interpret, improve, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chengye Li , Haiyun Liu , Yuanxi Li

The In-Context Learning (ICL) is to understand a new task via a few demonstrations (aka. prompt) and predict new inputs without tuning the models. While it has been widely studied in NLP, it is still a relatively new area of research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yanpeng Sun , Qiang Chen , Xiaofan Li , Jian Wang , Jingdong Wang , Zechao Li

In-context learning (ICL) is a type of prompting where a transformer model operates on a sequence of (input, output) examples and performs inference on-the-fly. In this work, we formalize in-context learning as an algorithm learning problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yingcong Li , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Samet Oymak

This paper presents Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation metrics for joint estimation detection using training or reference signal transmission strategies for short to long block length channels. We show that it is possible to enhance the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Mody Sy , Raymond Knopp

Neural sequence models based on the transformer architecture have demonstrated remarkable \emph{in-context learning} (ICL) abilities, where they can perform new tasks when prompted with training and test examples, without any parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yu Bai , Fan Chen , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Song Mei

Atomic receivers based on Rydberg vapor cells as sensors of electromagnetic fields offer a promising alternative to conventional radio frequency front-ends. In multi-antenna configurations, the magnitude-only, phase-insensitive measurements…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Zihang Song , Qihao Peng , Pei Xiao , Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone

Channel estimation is a critical task in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless systems due to the uncertainties imposed by environment dynamics and rapid changes in the IRS configuration. To deal with these uncertainties,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-10 Ahmet M. Elbir , Sinem Coleri , Kumar Vijay Mishra

Transformer neural networks can exhibit a surprising capacity for in-context learning (ICL) despite not being explicitly trained for it. Prior work has provided a deeper understanding of how ICL emerges in transformers, e.g. through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Aaditya K. Singh , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Ted Moskovitz , Erin Grant , Andrew M. Saxe , Felix Hill

In Wi-Fi systems, channel state information (CSI) plays a crucial role in enabling access points to execute beamforming operations. However, the feedback overhead associated with CSI significantly hampers the throughput improvements. Recent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Fan Qi , Jiajia Guo , Yiming Cui , Xiangyi Li , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in prompt-based learning in which models can be trained on only a few annotated instances, making them suitable in low-resource settings. When using prompt-based learning for text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hongjing Li , Hanqi Yan , Yanran Li , Li Qian , Yulan He , Lin Gui

In-context learning (ICL) is a valuable capability exhibited by Transformers pretrained on diverse sequence tasks. However, previous studies have observed that ICL often conflicts with the model's inherent in-weight learning (IWL) ability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Guanyu Chen , Ruichen Wang , Tianren Zhang , Feng Chen

Diffusion transformers have demonstrated remarkable generation quality, albeit requiring longer training iterations and numerous inference steps. In each denoising step, diffusion transformers encode the noisy inputs to extract the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Shuai Wang , Zhi Tian , Weilin Huang , Limin Wang

This paper aims to handle the joint transmitter and noncoherent receiver design for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems through deep learning. Given the deep neural network (DNN) based noncoherent receiver, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-15 Songyan Xue , Yi Ma , Na Yi , Rahim Tafazolli

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the dominant waveform in modern wireless systems, but suffers performance degradation in high-mobility environments due to Doppler-induced inter-carrier interference and unreliable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-17 S. Ashwin Hebbar , Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Harshithanjani Athi , Brandon Nguyen , Pramod Viswanath , Hyeji Kim