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Background: Empathy is widely recognized for improving patient outcomes, including reduced pain and anxiety and improved satisfaction, and its absence can cause harm. Meanwhile, use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alastair Howcroft , Amber Bennett-Weston , Ahmad Khan , Joseff Griffiths , Simon Gay , Jeremy Howick

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields, including medicine and mental health support. One promising application is ChatGPT, an advanced conversational AI model that uses deep learning techniques to provide human-like…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-16 Farzan Vahedifard , Atieh Sadeghniiat Haghighi , Tirth Dave , Mohammad Tolouei , Fateme Hoshyar Zare

Artificially intelligent chatbot, such as ChatGPT, represents a recent and powerful advancement in the AI domain. Users prefer them for obtaining quick and precise answers, avoiding the usual hassle of clicking through multiple links in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Seraj A. M. Mostafa , Md Z. Islam , Mohammad Z. Islam , Fairose Jeehan , Saujanna Jafreen , Raihan U. Islam

The emergence of an AI-powered chatbot that can generate human-like sentences and write coherent essays has caught the world's attention. This paper discusses the historical overview of chatbots and the technology behind Chat Generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Sakib Shahriar , Kadhim Hayawi

Conversational chatbots are Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered applications that assist users with various tasks by responding in natural language and are prevalent across different industries. Most of the chatbots that we encounter on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Sarada Devaram

Clinical psychology students frequently report feeling underprepared for the interpersonal demands of therapeutic work, highlighting the need for accessible opportunities to practise core counselling skills before seeing real clients.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 V. El Sawah , A. Bhardwaj , A. Pryke-Hobbes , D. Gamaleldin , C. S. Ang , A. K. Martin

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers promising potential for advancing human-AI collaboration in qualitative research. However, existing works focused on conventional machine-learning and pattern-based AI systems, and little is…

Social interactions promote well-being, yet barriers like geographic distance, time limitations, and mental health conditions can limit face-to-face interactions. Emotionally responsive AI systems, such as chatbots, offer new opportunities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahnaz Roshanaei , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Magy Seif El-Nasr

The fundamental principles, potential applications, and ethical concerns of ChatGPT are analyzed and discussed in this study. Since ChatGPT emerged, it has gained a rapidly growing popularity, with more than 600 million users today. The…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Ioannis D. Apostolopoulos , Mpesi Tzani , Sokratis I. Aznaouridis

The study illustrates a first step towards an ongoing work aimed at developing a dataset of dialogues potentially useful for customer service conversation management between humans and AI chatbots. The approach exploits ChatGPT 3.5 to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Giovanni Pilato , Pablo Garcia Bringas

ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, has gained popularity for its capability in generating human-like responses. However, this feature carries several risks, most notably due to its deceptive behaviour such as offering users misleading or fabricated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Xiao Zhan , Yifan Xu , Stefan Sarkadi

The dynamics of human-AI communication have been reshaped by language models such as ChatGPT. However, extant research has primarily focused on dyadic communication, leaving much to be explored regarding the dynamics of human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sion Yoon , Tae Eun Kim , Yoo Jung Oh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for supporting healthcare services has never been more necessitated than by the recent global pandemic. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in AI-enabled Chatbots in healthcare proposed during the last 10 years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya , Vibhav Sinai Pissurlenkar

As AI chatbots increasingly incorporate empathy, understanding user-centered perceptions of chatbot empathy and its impact on conversation quality remains essential yet under-explored. This study examines how chatbot identity and perceived…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Ankit Aich , Allison Lahnala , Brenda Curtis , Lyle Ungar , João Sedoc

This paper investigates the empathetic responding capabilities of ChatGPT, particularly its latest iteration, GPT-4, in comparison to human-generated responses to a wide range of emotional scenarios, both positive and negative. We employ a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

Empathy is often understood as the ability to share and understand another individual's state of mind or emotion. With the increasing use of chatbots in various domains, e.g., children seeking help with homework, individuals looking for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kristina Schaaff , Caroline Reinig , Tim Schlippe

Given the rapid advancement of large-scale language models, artificial intelligence (AI) models, like ChatGPT, are playing an increasingly prominent role in human society. However, to ensure that artificial intelligence models benefit human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hang Yuan , Zhongyue Che , Shao Li , Yue Zhang , Xiaomeng Hu , Siyang Luo

As AI chatbots see increased adoption and integration into everyday life, questions have been raised about the potential impact of human-like or anthropomorphic AI on users. In this work, we investigate the extent to which interactions with…

As AI chatbots shift from tools to companions, critical questions arise: who controls the conversation in human-AI chatrooms? This paper explores perceived human and AI agency in sustained conversation. We report a month-long longitudinal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Bhada Yun , Evgenia Taranova , April Yi Wang

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a disruptive technology is not new. However, its recent evolution, engineered by technological transformation, big data analytics, and quantum computing, produces conversational and generative AI (CGAI/GenAI)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ikpe Justice Akpan , Yawo M. Kobara , Josiah Owolabi , Asuama Akpam , Onyebuchi Felix Offodile
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