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Related papers: Interactive Sketchpad: A Multimodal Tutoring Syste…

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The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for education. While learners can interact with academic papers through LLM-powered dialogue, limitations still exist: the lack of structured organization and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuheng Yang , Wenjia Jiang , Yang Wang , Yi Song , Yiwei Wang , Chi Zhang

Effective human-robot collaboration requires the ability to learn personalized concepts from a limited number of demonstrations, while exhibiting inductive generalization, hierarchical composition, and adaptability to novel constraints.…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have shown great potential in delivering personalized and adaptive education, but their widespread adoption has been hindered by the need for specialized programming and design skills. Existing approaches…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Tommaso Calo , Christopher J. MacLellan

Computer-supported learning is an increasingly important form of study since it allows for independent learning and individualized instruction. In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to developing an intelligent tutoring system for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Serge Autexier , Dominik Dietrich , Marvin Schiller

Social skills training targets behaviors necessary for success in social interactions. However, traditional classroom training for such skills is often insufficient to teach effective communication -- one-to-one interaction in real-world…

Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning (MMR) has recently attracted increasing attention for its capability to solve mathematical problems involving both textual and visual modalities. However, current models still face significant challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tianyu Yang , Sihong Wu , Yilun Zhao , Zhenwen Liang , Lisen Dai , Chen Zhao , Minhao Cheng , Arman Cohan , Xiangliang Zhang

This paper explores the integration of Visual Code Assistants in Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). In Software Engineering, whiteboard sketching is often the initial step before coding, serving as a crucial collaboration tool for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Luís F. Gomes , Vincent J. Hellendoorn , Jonathan Aldrich , Rui Abreu

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at visual understanding tasks through text reasoning, they often fall short in scenarios requiring visual imagination. Unlike current works that take predefined external toolkits or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jintao Tong , Jiaqi Gu , Yujing Lou , Lubin Fan , Yixiong Zou , Yue Wu , Jieping Ye , Ruixuan Li

When designing a program, both novice programmers and seasoned developers alike often sketch out -- or, perhaps more famously, whiteboard -- their ideas. Yet despite the introduction of natively multimodal Generative AI models, work on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 David H. Smith , S. Moonwara A. Monisha , Annapurna Vadaparty , Leo Porter , Daniel Zingaro

Educational games can foster critical thinking, problem-solving, and motivation, yet instructors often find it difficult to design games that reliably achieve specific learning outcomes. Existing authoring environments reduce the need for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Daijin Yang , Erica Kleinman , Casper Harteveld

Recent research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in general NLP AI assistants. Some studies have further explored the use of LLMs for planning and invoking models or APIs to address more general multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Difei Gao , Lei Ji , Luowei Zhou , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Joya Chen , Zihan Fan , Mike Zheng Shou

Quick interaction between a human teacher and a learning machine presents numerous benefits and challenges when working with web-scale data. The human teacher guides the machine towards accomplishing the task of interest. The learning…

Probabilistic ideas and tools have recently begun to permeate into several fields where they had traditionally not played a major role, including fields such as numerical linear algebra and optimization. One of the key ways in which these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Robert M. Gower

Multimodal geometry reasoning requires models to jointly understand visual diagrams and perform structured symbolic inference, yet current vision--language models struggle with complex geometric constructions due to limited training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Haobo Lin , Tianyi Bai , Chen Chen , Jiajun Zhang , Bohan Zeng , Wentao Zhang , Binhang Yuan

The "thinking with images" paradigm represents a pivotal shift in the reasoning of Vision Language Models (VLMs), moving from text-dominant chain-of-thought to image-interactive reasoning. By invoking visual tools or generating intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Zhixiong Zeng , Lin Ma , Jing Zhang

Lecture slide presentations, a sequence of pages that contain text and figures accompanied by speech, are constructed and presented carefully in order to optimally transfer knowledge to students. Previous studies in multimedia and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Dong Won Lee , Chaitanya Ahuja , Paul Pu Liang , Sanika Natu , Louis-Philippe Morency

Visuals are valuable tools for teaching math word problems (MWPs), helping young learners interpret textual descriptions into mathematical expressions before solving them. However, creating such visuals is labor-intensive and there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Junling Wang , Anna Rutkiewicz , April Yi Wang , Mrinmaya Sachan

Human reasoning relies on constructing and manipulating mental models -- simplified internal representations of situations used to understand and solve problems. Conceptual diagrams (e.g., a sketch drawn to aid reasoning) externalize these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Eduard Oks , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Humans possess multimodal literacy, allowing them to actively integrate information from various modalities to form reasoning. Faced with challenges like lexical ambiguity in text, we supplement this with other modalities, such as thumbnail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jiwan Chung , Seungwon Lim , Jaehyun Jeon , Seungbeen Lee , Youngjae Yu