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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks requiring reasoning and multi-step problem-solving through the use of chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. However, generating the full CoT process results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Tianqiao Liu , Zui Chen , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Weiqi Luo

Human cognition is theorized to operate in two modes: fast, intuitive System 1 thinking and slow, deliberate System 2 thinking. While current Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at System 2 thinking, their inability to perform fast thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhengkai Lin , Zhihang Fu , Ze Chen , Chao Chen , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Deng Cai , Zheng Wang , Jieping Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly progressed into general-purpose agents capable of solving a broad spectrum of tasks. However, current models remain inefficient at reasoning: they apply fixed inference-time compute regardless of…

This paper explores the system 1 thinking capability of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), the intuitive ability to respond efficiently with minimal token usage. While existing LRMs rely on long-chain reasoning and excel at complex tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Wenyuan Zhang , Shuaiyi Nie , Xinghua Zhang , Zefeng Zhang , Tingwen Liu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have been driven by their emergent reasoning capabilities, particularly through long chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which enables thorough exploration and deliberation. Despite these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in mathematical reasoning capabilities through long Chain-of-Thought. The reasoning tokens of these models enable self-correction within reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Cui , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Reasoning with a chain-of-thought (CoT) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks but incurs significant inference costs due to the generation of long rationales. We propose Thinking States, a method that performs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ido Amos , Avi Caciularu , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson , Jonathan Herzig , Lior Shani , Idan Szpektor

The rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) signifies a paradigm shift toward advanced computational reasoning. Yet, this progress disrupts traditional agent frameworks, traditionally anchored by execution-oriented Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xueyang Zhou , Guiyao Tie , Guowen Zhang , Weidong Wang , Zhigang Zuo , Di Wu , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

We introduce OpenVLThinker, one of the first open-source large vision-language models (LVLMs) to exhibit sophisticated chain-of-thought reasoning, achieving notable performance gains on challenging visual reasoning tasks. While text-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yihe Deng , Hritik Bansal , Fan Yin , Nanyun Peng , Wei Wang , Kai-Wei Chang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on complex tasks, exhibiting emergent, human-like thinking patterns. Despite their advances, we identify a fundamental limitation: current LRMs lack a dedicated meta-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haonan Dong , Haoran Ye , Wenhao Zhu , Kehan Jiang , Guojie Song

Recent advances in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), particularly those leveraging Chain-of-Thought reasoning (CoT), have opened brand new possibility for Machine Translation (MT). This position paper argues that LRMs substantially transformed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Sinuo Liu , Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Zifu Shang

The growing power of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized how people access and utilize information. Notably, the LLMs excel at performing fine-grained data representation, which facilitates precise retrieval of information. They…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruiran Yan , Zheng Liu , Defu Lian

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been highly successful in solving complex tasks in natural language processing, and recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended this paradigm to video reasoning. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet they often suffer from producing unnecessary and verbose reasoning chains. We identify a core aspect of this issue as "invalid thinking" -- models tend to repeatedly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhengxiang Cheng , Dongping Chen , Mingyang Fu , Tianyi Zhou

Recent studies empirically reveal that large reasoning models (LRMs) can automatically allocate more reasoning strengths (i.e., the number of reasoning tokens) for harder problems, exhibiting difficulty-awareness for better task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Leheng Sheng , An Zhang , Zijian Wu , Weixiang Zhao , Changshuo Shen , Yi Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Despite rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs), the token-level autoregressive nature constrains their complex reasoning capabilities. To enhance LLM reasoning, inference-time techniques, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Qianyue Hao , Sibo Li , Jian Yuan , Yong Li

Scaling test-time compute through extended chains of thought has become a dominant paradigm for improving large language model reasoning. However, existing research implicitly assumes that longer thinking always yields better results. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shu Zhou , Rui Ling , Junan Chen , Xin Wang , Tao Fan , Hao Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated the effectiveness of test-time scaling, where extended reasoning processes substantially enhance model performance. Despite this, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Sitong Zhao , Haotian Wang , Shuaiting Chen , Yunjie Ji , Yiping Peng , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

Allocating more compute to large language models (LLMs) reasoning has generally been demonstrated to improve their effectiveness, but also results in increased inference time. In contrast, humans can perform tasks faster and better with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Bo Pan , Liang Zhao

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are Large Language Models (LLMs) explicitly trained to generate long-form Chain-of-Thoughts (CoTs), achieving impressive success on challenging tasks like math and programming. However, their underlying…

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