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The escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber threats increased the need for their comprehensive understanding. This paper explores the intersection of geopolitical dynamics, cyber threat intelligence analysis, and advanced detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Gustavo Sánchez , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

Graph-based frameworks are often used in network hardening to help a cyber defender understand how a network can be attacked and how the best defenses can be deployed. However, incorporating network connectivity parameters in the attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rakesh Podder , Turgay Caglar , Shadaab Kawnain Bashir , Sarath Sreedharan , Indrajit Ray , Indrakshi Ray

This paper presents a theoretical framework for addressing the challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education assessment through a machine-versus-machine approach. Large language models like GPT-4, Claude,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mohammad Saleh Torkestani , Taha Mansouri

As AI systems become more capable, integrated, and widespread, understanding the associated risks becomes increasingly important. This paper maps the full spectrum of AI risks, from current harms affecting individual users to existential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Markov Grey , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie

Benefiting from the rapid development of deep learning, 2D and 3D computer vision applications are deployed in many safe-critical systems, such as autopilot and identity authentication. However, deep learning models are not trustworthy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yanjie Li , Bin Xie , Songtao Guo , Yuanyuan Yang , Bin Xiao

Collaborative AI systems aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This setting imposes potentially hazardous circumstances due to contacts that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Matteo Camilli , Michael Felderer , Andrea Giusti , Dominik T. Matt , Anna Perini , Barbara Russo , Angelo Susi

The continued integration of technology into all aspects of society stresses the need to identify and understand the risk associated with assimilating new technologies. This necessity is heightened when technology is used for medical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Patrick Luckett , J Todd McDonald , William Bradley Glisson

Current threat models typically consider all possible ways an attacker can penetrate a system and assign probabilities to each path according to some metric (e.g. time-to-compromise). In this paper we discuss how this view hinders the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Luca Allodi , Sandro Etalle

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as renewable energy sources, generators, consumers, and prosumers in the smart grid infrastructure, poses significant cybersecurity and trust challenges to the grid controller.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Md. Shirajum Munir , Sachin Shetty , Danda B. Rawat

Today's visualization tools for conveying the risks and benefits of AI technologies are largely tailored for those with technical expertise. To bridge this gap, we have developed a visualization that employs narrative patterns and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Edyta Bogucka , Marios Constantinides , Julia De Miguel Velazquez , Sanja Šćepanović , Daniele Quercia , Andrés Gvirtz

Graph knowledge models and ontologies are very powerful modeling and re asoning tools. We propose an effective approach to model network attacks and attack prediction which plays important roles in security management. The goals of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-04 Ahmad Salahi , Morteza Ansarinia

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse applications. However, the scarcity and quality limitations of graph data present challenges to their training process in practical settings. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Hanyang Yuan , Jiarong Xu , Renhong Huang , Mingli Song , Chunping Wang , Yang Yang

Selecting the optimal set of countermeasures is a challenging task that involves various considerations and tradeoffs such as prioritizing the risks to mitigate and costs. The vast majority of studies for selecting a countermeasure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Orly Stan , Ron Bitton , Michal Ezrets , Moran Dadon , Masaki Inokuchi , Yoshinobu Ohta , Tomohiko Yagyu , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Decisions such as which movie to watch next, which song to listen to, or which product to buy online, are increasingly influenced by recommender systems and user models that incorporate information on users' past behaviours, preferences,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Inga Strümke , Marija Slavkovik , Clemens Stachl

Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely deployed in the real world. However, DNNs are found to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, which raises people's concerns about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Tao Bai , Jun Zhao , Jinlin Zhu , Shoudong Han , Jiefeng Chen , Bo Li , Alex Kot

Internet of Things (IoT) based applications face an increasing number of potential security risks, which need to be systematically assessed and addressed. Expert-based manual assessment of IoT security is a predominant approach, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Xuanyu Duan , Mengmeng Ge , Triet H. M. Le , Faheem Ullah , Shang Gao , Xuequan Lu , M. Ali Babar

A vulnerability scan combined with information about a computer network can be used to create an attack graph, a model of how the elements of a network could be used in an attack to reach specific states or goals in the network. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Isaac Matthews , Sadegh Soudjani , Aad van Moorsel

Organisations generate vast amounts of information, which has resulted in a long-term research effort into knowledge access systems for enterprise settings. Recent developments in artificial intelligence, in relation to large language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Anna Gausen , Bhaskar Mitra , Siân Lindley

Network threat detection has been challenging due to the complexities of attack activities and the limitation of historical threat data to learn from. To help enhance the existing practices of using analytics, machine learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Lili Zhang , Quanyan Zhu , Herman Ray , Ying Xie

A comprehensive approach to addressing catastrophic risks from AI models should cover the full model lifecycle. This paper explores contingency plans for cases where pre-deployment risk management falls short: where either very dangerous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Joe O'Brien , Shaun Ee , Zoe Williams