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Time-integrated state observables, which quantify the fraction of time spent by the system in a specific pool of states, are important in many fields, such as chemical sensing or the theory of fluorescence spectroscopy. We derive exact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-23 Krzysztof Ptaszynski , Timur Aslyamov , Massimiliano Esposito

The fluctuation relations, which characterize irreversible processes in Nature, are among the most important results in non-equilibrium physics. In short, these relations say that it is exponentially unlikely for us to observe a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Marcos L. W. Basso , Jonas Maziero , Lucas C. Céleri

Systems with interacting degrees of freedom play a prominent role in stochastic thermodynamics. Our aim is to use the concept of detached path probabilities and detached entropy production for bipartite Markov processes and elaborate on a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-10-17 Jannik Ehrich , Andreas Engel

Biodiversity and extinction are central issues in evolution. Dynamical balance among different species in ecosystems is often described by deterministic replicator equations with moderate success. However, fluctuations are inevitable,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-11-25 Tsung-Cheng Lu , Yi-Ko Chen , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chun-Chung-Chen

A correspondence between fluctuations of non-minimally coupled scalar fields and that of an effective fluid with heat flux and anisotropic stresses, is shown. Though the correspondence between respective stress tensors of scalar fields and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-18 Seema Satin

We study the statistical fluctuations (such as the variance) of causal set quantities, with particular focus on the causal set action. To facilitate calculating such fluctuations, we develop tools to account for correlations between causal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-11 Heidar Moradi , Yasaman K. Yazdi , Miguel Zilhão

Recent large deviation results have provided general lower bounds for the fluctuations of time-integrated currents in the steady state of stochastic systems. A corollary are so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations connecting precision…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-29 Juan P. Garrahan

Anomalous dynamics characterized by non-Gaussian probability distributions (PDFs) and/or temporal long-range correlations can cause subtle modifications of conventional fluctuation relations. As prototypes we study three variants of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-07-16 P. Dieterich , R. Klages , A. V. Chechkin

In the context of the dynamical evolution in a non-stationary thermal bath, we construct a family of fluctuation relations for the entropy production that are not verified by the work performed on the system. We exhibit fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-29 Raphael Chetrite

We give a proof of transient fluctuation relations for the entropy production (dissipation function) in nonequilibrium systems, which is valid for most time reversible dynamics. We then consider the conditions under which a transient…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Debra J. Searles , Lamberto Rondoni , Denis J. Evans

Irreversibility is usually captured by a comparison between the process that happens and a corresponding "reverse process". In the last decades, this comparison has been extensively studied through fluctuation relations. Here we revisit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-11 Clive Cenxin Aw , Francesco Buscemi , Valerio Scarani

Many natural systems exhibit dynamics characterized by alternating phases or recurring sets of states. Describing the fluctuations of such systems over stochastic trajectories is necessary across diverse fields, from biological motors to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-17 Guilherme Fiusa , Pedro E. Harunari , Abhaya S. Hegde , Gabriel T. Landi

Relationships are obtained expressing the breaking of spin-reversal symmetry by an external magnetic field in Gibbsian canonical equilibrium states of spin systems under specific assumptions. These relationships include an exact fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 Pierre Gaspard

Fluctuation relations are derived in systems where the spin degree of freedom and magnetic interactions play a crucial role. The form of the non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems relies in the assumption of a local balance condition. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-06-21 Rosa Lopez , Jong Soo Lim , David Sanchez

We derive a set of isometric fluctuation relations, which constrain the order parameter fluctuations in finite-size systems at equilibrium and in the presence of a broken symmetry. These relations are exact and should apply generally to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-23 D. Lacoste , P. Gaspard

We investigate the question, "how does time flow?" and show that time may change by inversions as well. We discuss its implications to a simple class of linear systems. Instead of introducing any unphysical behaviour, inversions can lead to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Dhurjati Prasad Datta

Fluctuation theorems specify the non-zero probability to observe negative entropy production, contrary to a naive expectation from the second law of thermodynamics. For closed particle trajectories in a fluid, Stokes theorem can be used to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-06 Benoît Mahault , Evelyn Tang , Ramin Golestanian

Macroscopic equations arising out of stochastic particle systems in detailed balance (called dissipative systems or gradient flows) have a natural variational structure, which can be derived from the large-deviation rate functional for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Robert I. A. Patterson , D. R. Michiel Renger , Upanshu Sharma

The fluctuation theorem establishes general relations between transport coefficients and fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems. Recently there was much interest in quantum fluctuation relations for electric currents. Since charge carriers…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-07 Chenjie Wang , D. E. Feldman

This book provides a modern review of Fluctuation Relations and Fluctuation Theorems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It focuses on the pioneering perspectives of Gallavotti and Cohen, according to which a fluctuation theorem…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Noé Cuneo , Vojkan Jakšić , Claude-Alain Pillet , Armen Shirikyan