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In learning-based approaches to image compression, codecs are developed by optimizing a computational model to minimize a rate-distortion objective. Currently, the most effective learned image codecs take the form of an entropy-constrained…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-20 David Minnen , Saurabh Singh

Vector-Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAE)[1] provide an unsupervised model for learning discrete representations by combining vector quantization and autoencoders. In this paper, we study the use of VQ-VAE for representation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-05 Hanwei Wu , Markus Flierl

This paper presents Diffusion via Autoregressive models (D-AR), a new paradigm recasting the image diffusion process as a vanilla autoregressive procedure in the standard next-token-prediction fashion. We start by designing the tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ziteng Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Image retrieval targets to find images from a database that are visually similar to the query image. Two-stage methods following retrieve-and-rerank paradigm have achieved excellent performance, but their separate local and global modules…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yunquan Zhu , Xinkai Gao , Bo Ke , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

We present an approach to pose object recognition as next token prediction. The idea is to apply a language decoder that auto-regressively predicts the text tokens from image embeddings to form labels. To ground this prediction process in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kaiyu Yue , Bor-Chun Chen , Jonas Geiping , Hengduo Li , Tom Goldstein , Ser-Nam Lim

Automatic color enhancement is aimed to adaptively adjust photos to expected styles and tones. For current learned methods in this field, global harmonious perception and local details are hard to be well-considered in a single model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Chaowei Shan , Zhizheng Zhang , Zhibo Chen

In this paper, we propose the coarse-to-fine optimization for the task of speech enhancement. Cosine similarity loss [1] has proven to be an effective metric to measure similarity of speech signals. However, due to the large variance of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Jian Yao , Ahmad Al-Dahle

This paper presents Randomized AutoRegressive modeling (RAR) for visual generation, which sets a new state-of-the-art performance on the image generation task while maintaining full compatibility with language modeling frameworks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qihang Yu , Ju He , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Liang-Chieh Chen

Automatic annotation of images with descriptive words is a challenging problem with vast applications in the areas of image search and retrieval. This problem can be viewed as a label-assignment problem by a classifier dealing with a very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Amara Tariq , Hassan Foroosh

Autoregressive sequence models achieve state-of-the-art performance in domains like machine translation. However, due to the autoregressive factorization nature, these models suffer from heavy latency during inference. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Zhiqing Sun , Zhuohan Li , Haoqing Wang , Zi Lin , Di He , Zhi-Hong Deng

Autoregressive (AR) models have reformulated image generation as next-token prediction, demonstrating remarkable potential and emerging as strong competitors to diffusion models. However, control-to-image generation, akin to ControlNet,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zongming Li , Tianheng Cheng , Shoufa Chen , Peize Sun , Haocheng Shen , Longjin Ran , Xiaoxin Chen , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Many 3D generative models rely on variational autoencoders (VAEs) to learn compact shape representations. However, existing methods encode all shapes into a fixed-size token, disregarding the inherent variations in scale and complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kangle Deng , Hsueh-Ti Derek Liu , Yiheng Zhu , Xiaoxia Sun , Chong Shang , Kiran Bhat , Deva Ramanan , Jun-Yan Zhu , Maneesh Agrawala , Tinghui Zhou

State of the art large language models rely on randomization to respond to a prompt. As an immediate consequence, a model may respond differently to the same prompt if asked multiple times. In this work, we argue that the evaluation and…

Autoregressive (AR) models have emerged as powerful tools for image generation by modeling images as sequences of discrete tokens. While Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) has been adopted to improve conditional generation, its application in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dongli Xu , Aleksei Tiulpin , Matthew B. Blaschko

Inspired by the success of self-supervised autoregressive representation learning in natural language (GPT and its variants), and advances in recent visual architecture design with Vision Transformers (ViTs), in this paper, we explore the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Tianyu Hua , Yonglong Tian , Sucheng Ren , Michalis Raptis , Hang Zhao , Leonid Sigal

Computer vision is difficult, partly because the desired mathematical function connecting input and output data is often complex, fuzzy and thus hard to learn. Coarse-to-fine (C2F) learning is a promising direction, but it remains unclear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Xutong Ren , Lingxi Xie , Chen Wei , Siyuan Qiao , Chi Su , Jiaying Liu , Qi Tian , Elliot K. Fishman , Alan L. Yuille

Tokenization imposes a fixed granularity on the input text, freezing how a language model operates on data and how far in the future it predicts. Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) and similar schemes split text once, build a static vocabulary, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Mathurin Videau , Badr Youbi Idrissi , Alessandro Leite , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud , David Lopez-Paz

Text-guided image editing is an essential task that enables users to modify images through natural language descriptions. Recent advances in diffusion models and rectified flows have significantly improved editing quality, primarily relying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yufei Wang , Lanqing Guo , Zhihao Li , Jiaxing Huang , Pichao Wang , Bihan Wen , Jian Wang

Image tokenization plays a critical role in reducing the computational demands of modeling high-resolution images, significantly improving the efficiency of image and multimodal understanding and generation. Recent advances in 1D latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Benran Hu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Yusheng Su , Xiaodong Yu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu

Autoregressive (AR) visual generators model images as sequences of discrete tokens and are trained with a next-token likelihood objective. This strict causal supervision optimizes each step based only on the immediate next token, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yonghao Yu , Lang Huang , Zerun Wang , Runyi Li , Toshihiko Yamasaki