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Text-to-image retrieval is a fundamental task in multimedia processing, aiming to retrieve semantically relevant cross-modal content. Traditional studies have typically approached this task as a discriminative problem, matching the text and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yongqi Li , Hongru Cai , Wenjie Wang , Leigang Qu , Yinwei Wei , Wenjie Li , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

While inference-time scaling through search has revolutionized Large Language Models, translating these gains to image generation has proven difficult. Recent attempts to apply search strategies to continuous diffusion models show limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Erik Riise , Mehmet Onurcan Kaya , Dim P. Papadopoulos

Standard autoregressive language models generate text by repeatedly selecting a discrete next token, coupling prediction with irreversible commitment at every step. We show that token selection is not the only viable autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Oshri Naparstek

Recent advances in image tokenizers, such as VQ-VAE, have enabled text-to-image generation using auto-regressive methods, similar to language modeling. However, these methods have yet to leverage pre-trained language models, despite their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yuhui Zhang , Brandon McKinzie , Zhe Gan , Vaishaal Shankar , Alexander Toshev

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their sequential, token-by-token generation process. We argue that overcoming this bottleneck requires a new design axis for LLM scaling: increasing the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenze Shao , Darren Li , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

In this paper, we take a new approach to autoregressive image generation that is based on two main ingredients. The first is wavelet image coding, which allows to tokenize the visual details of an image from coarse to fine details by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Wael Mattar , Idan Levy , Nir Sharon , Shai Dekel

For autoregressive (AR) modeling of high-resolution images, vector quantization (VQ) represents an image as a sequence of discrete codes. A short sequence length is important for an AR model to reduce its computational costs to consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Doyup Lee , Chiheon Kim , Saehoon Kim , Minsu Cho , Wook-Shin Han

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nikola Jovanović , Ismail Labiad , Tomáš Souček , Martin Vechev , Pierre Fernandez

Recent studies extend the autoregression paradigm to text-to-image generation, achieving performance comparable to diffusion models. However, our new PairComp benchmark -- featuring test cases of paired prompts with similar syntax but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kaihang Pan , Wendong Bu , Yuruo Wu , Yang Wu , Kai Shen , Yunfei Li , Hang Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

To advance continuous-valued token modeling and temporal-coherence enforcement, we propose FELLE, an autoregressive model that integrates language modeling with token-wise flow matching. By leveraging the autoregressive nature of language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Hui Wang , Shujie Liu , Lingwei Meng , Jinyu Li , Yifan Yang , Shiwan Zhao , Haiyang Sun , Yanqing Liu , Haoqin Sun , Jiaming Zhou , Yan Lu , Yong Qin

This paper challenges the dominance of continuous pipelines in visual generation. We systematically investigate the performance gap between discrete and continuous methods. Contrary to the belief that discrete tokenizers are intrinsically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Qihang Yu , Qihao Liu , Ju He , Xinyang Zhang , Yang Liu , Liang-Chieh Chen , Xi Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have spurred interests in encoding images as discrete tokens and leveraging autoregressive (AR) frameworks for visual generation. However, the quantization process in AR-based visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Peng Zheng , Junke Wang , Yi Chang , Yizhou Yu , Rui Ma , Zuxuan Wu

In the rapidly advancing field of image generation, Visual Auto-Regressive (VAR) modeling has garnered considerable attention for its innovative next-scale prediction approach. This paradigm offers substantial improvements in efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zigeng Chen , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Autoregressive models, built based on the Next Token Prediction (NTP) paradigm, show great potential in developing a unified framework that integrates both language and vision tasks. Pioneering works introduce NTP to autoregressive visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yatian Pang , Peng Jin , Shuo Yang , Bin Lin , Bin Zhu , Zhenyu Tang , Liuhan Chen , Francis E. H. Tay , Ser-Nam Lim , Harry Yang , Li Yuan

Masked autoregressive (MAR) models unify the strengths of masked and autoregressive generation by predicting tokens in a fixed order using bidirectional attention for image generation. While effective, MAR models suffer from significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chaoyi Jiang , Sungwoo Kim , Lei Gao , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Won Woo Ro , Murali Annavaram

Deep neural network-based semantic segmentation generally requires large-scale cost extensive annotations for training to obtain better performance. To avoid pixel-wise segmentation annotations which are needed for most methods, recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Longlong Jing , Yucheng Chen , Yingli Tian

Autoregressive and diffusion models drive the recent breakthroughs on text-to-image generation. Despite their huge success of generating high-realistic images, a common shortcoming of these models is their high inference latency -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhangyin Feng , Runyi Hu , Liangxin Liu , Fan Zhang , Duyu Tang , Yong Dai , Xiaocheng Feng , Jiwei Li , Bing Qin , Shuming Shi

Tokenization is a key component of autoregressive (AR) generative models, converting raw data into more manageable units for modeling. Commonly, tokens describe local information, such as regions of pixels in images or word pieces in text,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zhitong Gao , Parham Rezaei , Ali Cy , Mingqiao Ye , Nataša Jovanović , Jesse Allardice , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar

Autoregressive models with continuous tokens form a promising paradigm for visual generation, especially for text-to-image (T2I) synthesis, but they suffer from high computational cost. We study how to design compute-efficient linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiahao Wang , Ting Pan , Haoge Deng , Dongchen Han , Taiqiang Wu , Xinlong Wang , Ping Luo

Autoregressive image generation aims to predict the next token based on previous ones. However, this process is challenged by the bidirectional dependencies inherent in conventional image tokenizations, which creates a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Pingyu Wu , Kai Zhu , Yu Liu , Longxiang Tang , Jian Yang , Yansong Peng , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha