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Directed acyclic graphical models (DAGs) are often used to describe common structural properties in a family of probability distributions. This paper addresses the question of classifying DAGs up to an isomorphism. By considering Gaussian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Hajir Roozbehani , Yury Polyanskiy

Enumerating the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of a Markov equivalence class (MEC) is an important primitive in causal analysis. The central resource from the perspective of computational complexity is the delay, that is, the time an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Marcel Wienöbst , Malte Luttermann , Max Bannach , Maciej Liśkiewicz

We define and study analogs of probabilistic tree embedding and tree cover for directed graphs. We define the notion of a DAG cover of a general directed graph $G$: a small collection $D_1,\dots D_g$ of DAGs so that for all pairs of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Sepehr Assadi , Gary Hoppenworth , Nicole Wein

We present a novel perspective and algorithm for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data generated by a linear structural equation model (SEM). First, we show that a linear SEM can be viewed as a linear transform that, in prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Panagiotis Misiakos , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

In this paper, we tackle structure learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), with the idea of exploiting available prior knowledge of the domain at hand to guide the search of the best structure. In particular, we assume to know the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-19 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Monica Chiogna , Davide Risso , Erika Banzato

Global contexts in images are quite valuable in image-to-image translation problems. Conventional attention-based and graph-based models capture the global context to a large extent, however, these are computationally expensive. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Ayush Singh , Yash Bhambhu , Himanshu Buckchash , Deepak K. Gupta , Dilip K. Prasad

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), including fully-connected networks and transformers, are highly flexible and powerful function approximators, widely applied in fields like computer vision and natural language processing. However, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Matthew J. Vowels , Mathieu Rochat , Sina Akbari

Distributed Ledger Technologies provide a mechanism to achieve ordering among transactions that are scattered on multiple participants with no prerequisite trust relations. This mechanism is essentially based on the idea of new transactions…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-01 Christian Mönch , Amr Rizk

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) constitute a central modeling tool to enable principled reasoning about cause-effect interactions in complex systems. However, since the causal structure underlying a group of variables is often unknown and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 Gonzalo Mateos , Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Mariano Tepper

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are central to science and engineering applications including causal inference, scheduling, and neural architecture search. In this work, we introduce the DAG Convolutional Network (DCN), a novel graph neural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos

Assuming a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that represents prior knowledge of causal relationships between variables is a common starting point for cause-effect estimation. Existing literature typically invokes hypothetical domain expert…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 Kirtan Padh , Zhufeng Li , Cecilia Casolo , Niki Kilbertus

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of features (variables) plays a vital role in revealing the latent data generation process and providing causal insights in various applications. Although there have been many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Shaohua Fan , Shuyang Zhang , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi

Background: Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies, like etiological studies, are susceptible to various biases including reference standard error bias, partial verification bias, spectrum effect, confounding, and bias from misassumption of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Yang Lu , Nandini Dendukuri

We give methods for Bayesian inference of directed acyclic graphs, DAGs, and the induced causal effects from passively observed complete data. Our methods build on a recent Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for learning Bayesian networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Jussi Viinikka , Antti Hyttinen , Johan Pensar , Mikko Koivisto

Learning the structure of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) presents a significant challenge due to the vast combinatorial search space of possible graphs, which scales exponentially with the number of nodes. Recent advancements have redefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Klea Ziu , Slavomír Hanzely , Loka Li , Kun Zhang , Martin Takáč , Dmitry Kamzolov

Acyclic model, often depicted as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), has been widely employed to represent directional causal relations among collected nodes. In this article, we propose an efficient method to learn linear non-Gaussian DAG in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Ruixuan Zhao , Xin He , Junhui Wang

Recovering the underlying Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structures from observational data presents a formidable challenge, partly due to the combinatorial nature of the DAG-constrained optimization problem. Recently, researchers have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhen Zhang , Ignavier Ng , Dong Gong , Yuhang Liu , Mingming Gong , Biwei Huang , Kun Zhang , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

While visual comparison of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is commonly encountered in various disciplines (e.g., finance, biology), knowledge about humans' perception of graph similarity is currently quite limited. By graph similarity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Kathrin Ballweg , Margit Pohl , Günter Wallner , Tatiana von Landesberger

Owing to their unprecedented comprehension capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable components of modern web search engines. From a technical perspective, this integration represents retrieval-augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xingyuan Zeng , Zuohan Wu , Yue Wang , Chen Zhang , Quanming Yao , Libin Zheng , Jian Yin