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Automatic evaluation of language generation systems is a well-studied problem in Natural Language Processing. While novel metrics are proposed every year, a few popular metrics remain as the de facto metrics to evaluate tasks such as image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly sophisticated AI-generated content, posing significant challenges in distinguishing LLM-generated text from human-written language. Existing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siyuan Li , Xi Lin , Guangyan Li , Zehao Liu , Aodu Wulianghai , Li Ding , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in mathematical and commonsense reasoning tasks using chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting techniques. But can they perform emotional reasoning by concatenating `Let's think…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ankita Bhaumik , Tomek Strzalkowski

Chinese demonstrates high semantic compactness and rich metaphorical expressiveness, enabling limited text to convey dense meanings while increasing the difficulty of generation and verification, particularly in short-form creative natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Shanlin Zhou , Xinpeng Wang , Jianxun Lian , Zhenghao Liu , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Yongtao Hao

Multimodal emotion understanding requires effective integration of text, audio, and visual modalities for both discrete emotion recognition and continuous sentiment analysis. We present EGMF, a unified framework combining expert-guided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiaqi Qiao , Xiujuan Xu , Xinran Li , Yu Liu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought an unprecedented surge in machine-generated text (MGT) across diverse channels. This raises legitimate concerns about its potential misuse and societal implications. The need to…

Conversational systems are now capable of producing impressive and generally relevant responses. However, we have no visibility nor control of the socio-emotional strategies behind state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs), which poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lorraine Vanel , Ariel R. Ramos Vela , Alya Yacoubi , Chloé Clavel

Evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems is a challenging task. Firstly, the metric should ensure that the generated hypothesis reflects the reference's semantics. Secondly, it should consider the grammatical quality of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Md Rashad Al Hasan Rony , Liubov Kovriguina , Debanjan Chaudhuri , Ricardo Usbeck , Jens Lehmann

Generative AI systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) usually use content moderation to prevent harmful content spread. To evaluate the robustness of content moderation, several metamorphic testing techniques have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Honghao Tan , Haibo Wang , Diany Pressato , Yisen Xu , Shin Hwei Tan

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory is built on imagistic thinking, in which medical principles and diagnostic and therapeutic logic are structured through metaphor and metonymy. However, existing English translations largely rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jiatong Han

Large Language Models (LLMs), with gradually improving reading comprehension and reasoning capabilities, are being applied to a range of complex language tasks, including the automatic generation of language data for various purposes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Long Truong To , Hung Tuan Le , Dat Van-Thanh Nguyen , Manh Trong Nguyen , Tri Thien Nguyen , Tin Van Huynh , Kiet Van Nguyen

Sarcasm is a rhetorical device that expresses criticism or emphasizes characteristics of certain individuals or situations through exaggeration, irony, or comparison. Existing methods for Chinese sarcasm detection are constrained by limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenxian Wang , Xiaohu Luo , Junfeng Hao , Xiaoming Gu , Xingshu Chen , Zhu Wang , Haizhou Wang

The use of large language models (LLMs) for evaluating outputs is becoming an increasingly effective and scalable approach. However, it remains uncertain whether this capability extends beyond task-specific evaluations to more general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Ameeta Agrawal

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing concern that they may pose risks or have negative social impacts. Therefore, evaluation of human values alignment is becoming increasingly important. Previous work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Guohai Xu , Jiayi Liu , Ming Yan , Haotian Xu , Jinghui Si , Zhuoran Zhou , Peng Yi , Xing Gao , Jitao Sang , Rong Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chao Peng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language generation. However, their output quality can be inconsistent, posing challenges for generating natural language from logical forms (LFs). This task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Levon Haroutunian , Zhuang Li , Lucian Galescu , Philip Cohen , Raj Tumuluri , Gholamreza Haffari

In this paper, we propose a robust neural machine translation (NMT) framework. The framework consists of a homophone noise detector and a syllable-aware NMT model to homophone errors. The detector identifies potential homophone errors in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Wenjie Qin , Xiang Li , Yuhui Sun , Deyi Xiong , Jianwei Cui , Bin Wang

Misinformation evolves as it spreads, shifting in language, framing, and moral emphasis to adapt to new audiences. However, current misinformation detection approaches implicitly assume that misinformation is static. We introduce MPCG, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jun Rong Brian Chong , Yixuan Tang , Anthony K. H. Tung

The main limiting factor in the development of robust multilingual dialogue evaluation metrics is the lack of multilingual data and the limited availability of open sourced multilingual dialogue systems. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 John Mendonça , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

Hallucinations are a common issue that undermine the reliability of large language models (LLMs). Recent studies have identified a specific subset of hallucinations, known as confabulations, which arise due to predictive uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Mykyta Ielanskyi , Kajetan Schweighofer , Lukas Aichberger , Sepp Hochreiter