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FPGA-specific DNN architectures using the native LUTs as independently trainable inference operators have been shown to achieve favorable area-accuracy and energy-accuracy tradeoffs. The first work in this area, LUTNet, exhibited…

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a widely-used and important signal processing tool employed in a plethora of applications. Typical fast algorithms for nearly-exact computation of DCT require floating point arithmetic, are multiplier…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-01 N. Rajapaksha , A. Madanayake , R. J. Cintra , J. Adikari , V. S. Dimitrov

In this paper, we present Q# implementations for arbitrary single-variabled fixed-point arithmetic operations for a gate-based quantum computer based on lookup tables (LUTs). In general, this is an inefficent way of implementing a function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Rajiv Krishnakumar , Mathias Soeken , Martin Roetteler , William J. Zeng

We propose a framework for the design, optimization, and implementation of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) used to recover noisy, oversampled, quantized signals given a parametric input model. The LUTs emulate the spectral effects of pre-quantization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Morriel Kasher , Michael Tinston , Predrag Spasojevic

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are widely used to implement deep learning inference. Standard deep neural network inference involves the computation of interleaved linear maps and nonlinear activation functions. Prior work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Marta Andronic , George A. Constantinides

Lookup tables (LUTs) are frequently used to efficiently store arrays of precomputed values for complex mathematical computations. When used in the context of neural networks, these functions exhibit a lack of recognizable patterns which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Oliver Cassidy , Marta Andronic , Samuel Coward , George A. Constantinides

The emergence of neural network capabilities invariably leads to a significant surge in computational demands due to expanding model sizes and increased computational complexity. To reduce model size and lower inference costs, recent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Guoyu Li , Shengyu Ye , Chunyun Chen , Yang Wang , Fan Yang , Ting Cao , Cheng Liu , Mohamed M. Sabry , Mao Yang

Dense linear layers are the dominant computational bottleneck in foundation models. Identifying more efficient alternatives to dense matrices has enormous potential for building more compute-efficient models, as exemplified by the success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shikai Qiu , Andres Potapczynski , Marc Finzi , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Look-Up Table based methods have emerged as a promising direction for efficient image restoration tasks. Recent LUT-based methods focus on improving their performance by expanding the receptive field. However, they inevitably introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiaolong Zeng , Yitong Yu , Shiyao Xiong , Jinhua Hao , Ming Sun , Chao Zhou , Bin Wang

Qubit readout is a critical operation in quantum computing systems, which maps the analog response of qubits into discrete classical states. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as a promising solution to improve readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 M. A. Farooq , G. Di Guglielmo , A. Rajagopala , N. Tran , V. A. Chhabria , A. Arora

Low-latency, energy-efficient deep neural networks (DNNs) inference are critical for edge applications, where traditional cloud-based deployment suffers from high latency and security risks. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeyu Guo

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Research has shown that deep neural networks contain significant redundancy, and thus that high classification accuracy can be achieved even when weights and activations are quantized down to binary values. Network binarization on FPGAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Erwei Wang , James J. Davis , Peter Y. K. Cheung , George A. Constantinides

The energy and latency costs of deep neural network inference are increasingly driven by deployment rather than training, motivating hardware-specialized alternatives to arithmetic-heavy models. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Simon Bührer , Andreas Plesner , Aczel Till , Roger Wattenhofer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate hardware design tasks, including the generation of Verilog code. While early benchmarks focus primarily on functional correctness, efficient hardware design demands additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Manar Abdelatty , Maryam Nouh , Jacob K. Rosenstein , Sherief Reda

Modular arithmetic, particularly modular reduction, is widely used in cryptographic applications such as homomorphic encryption (HE) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP). High-bit-width operations are crucial for enhancing security; however,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Fangxin Liu , Haomin Li , Zongwu Wang , Bo Zhang , Mingzhe Zhang , Shoumeng Yan , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Research has shown that deep neural networks contain significant redundancy, and that high classification accuracies can be achieved even when weights and activations are quantised down to binary values. Network binarisation on FPGAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Erwei Wang , James J. Davis , Peter Y. K. Cheung , George A. Constantinides

Multipliers are widely-used arithmetic operators in digital signal processing and machine learning circuits. Due to their relatively high complexity, they can have high latency and be a significant source of power consumption. One strategy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shervin Vakili , Mobin Vaziri , Amirhossein Zarei , J. M. Pierre Langlois

Data movement between the main memory and the processor is a key contributor to execution time and energy consumption in memory-intensive applications. This data movement bottleneck can be alleviated using Processing-in-Memory (PiM). One…

This paper presents the Dynamic Simultaneous Multi-threaded Architecture (DSMT). DSMT efficiently exe-cutes multiple threads from a single program on a SMT processor core. To accomplish this, threads are generated dynamically from a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Daniel Ortiz-Arroyo , Ben Lee