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We present detailed abundance measurements for 45 globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies in (and, in one case, beyond) the Local Group. The measurements are based on new high-resolution integrated-light spectra of GCs in NGC 185, NGC 205, M31,…

We present updated stellar population models appropriate for old ages (>1 Gyr) and covering a wide range in metallicities (-1.5<[Fe/H]<0.3). These models predict the full spectral variation associated with individual element abundance…

Over the last decade, the classical definition of Globular Clusters (GCs) as simple stellar populations was revolutionized due to the discovery of "Multiple Populations" (MPs). However, our knowledge of this phenomenon and its…

Although globular clusters are generally chemically homogeneous, substantial abundance variations are sometimes seen even among unevolved main sequence stars, especially for the CNO group of elements. Multi-object intermediate-dispersion…

We present a new method to estimate the fraction of stars with chemical composition of first and second(s) generation(s) currently hosted in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). We compare cluster and field stars of similar metallicity in the…

We present high-precision multi-band photometry for the globular cluster (GC) M2. We combine the analysis of the photometric data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic GCs GO-13297, with chemical abundances…

Recent work, based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs), has revealed that all the analyzed clusters host two groups of first- (1G) and second-generation (2G) stars. In most GCs,…

We observed a sample of 90 red giant branch (RGB) stars in NGC 2808 using FLAMES/GIRAFFE and the high resolution grating with the set up HR21. These stars have previous accurate atmospheric parameters and abundances of light elements. We…

We present the Ca-CN-CH photometry of the metal-complex globular cluster (GC) M22 (NGC 6656). Our photometry clearly shows the discrete double CN-CH anticorrelations in M22 red giant branch (RGB) stars, due to the difference in the mean…

Globular clusters (GCs) are key to understanding the formation and evolution of our Galaxy. While the abundances of light and Fe-peak elements in GCs have been widely studied, investigations into heavier, neutron-capture elements -- and…

There is increasing evidence that some massive globular clusters (GCs) host multiple stellar populations having different heavy element abundances enriched by supernovae. They usually accompany multiple red giant branches (RGBs) in the…

We present the homogeneous abundance analysis for a combined sample of 185 giants in the bulge globular cluster (GC) NGC 6388. Our results are used to describe the multiple stellar populations and differences or analogies with bulge field…

The existence of star-to-star light-element abundance variations in massive Galactic and extragalactic star clusters has fairly recently superseded the traditional paradigm of individual clusters hosting stars with the same age, and uniform…

The majority of the inhomogeneities in the chemical composition of Globular Cluster (GC) stars appear due to primordial enrichment by hot-CNO cycled material processed in stars belonging to a first stellar generation. Either massive AGB…

Several recent studies have reported the detection of an anomalous color spread along the red giant branch (RGB) of some globular clusters (GC) that appears only when color indices including a near ultraviolet band (such as Johnson U or…

We present the first results from the analysis of GIRAFFE spectra of more than 1200 red giants stars in 19 Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs), to study the chemical composition of second generation stars and their link with global cluster…

Galactic globular clusters are not simple stellar populations. And nothing is simple in their study, basically because we try to reconstruct chains of events that occurred at redshift z > 2-3 by observing these objects at z=0, after a…

Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that nearly all Galactic globular clusters (GCs) harbour multiple stellar populations with different chemical compositions. Moreover, colour-magnitude diagrams based exclusively on Str\"omgrem…

Using our ingeniously designed new filter systems, we investigate the multiple stellar populations of the RGB and AGB in the GC M5. Our results are the following. (1) Our cn_jwl index accurately traces the nitrogen abundances in M5, while…

Photometric investigations have revealed that Galactic globular clusters exhibit internal metallicity variations amongst the so-called first-population stars, until now considered to have a homogeneous initial chemical composition. This is…