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Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely adopted for assisting in software development tasks, yet their performance evaluations have narrowly focused on the functional correctness of generated code. Human programmers, however, require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Peng , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Michael Lyu , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

We are entering a hybrid era in which human developers and AI coding agents work in the same codebases. While industry practice has long optimized code for human comprehension, it is increasingly important to ensure that LLMs with different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Markus Borg , Nadim Hagatulah , Adam Tornhill , Emma Söderberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as code assistants, yet their behavior when explicitly asked to generate insecure code remains poorly understood. While prior research has focused on unintended vulnerabilities, this study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Emir Bosnak , Sahand Moslemi , Mayasah Lami , Anil Koyuncu

AI models excel at creating content, but typically render it with static, predefined interfaces. Specifically, the output of LLMs is often a markdown "wall of text". Generative UI is a long standing promise, where the model generates not…

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation. However, commercial models like ChatGPT require significant computing power, which leads to high energy use and carbon emissions. This has raised concerns about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Humza Ashraf , Syed Muhammad Danish , Aris Leivadeas , Yazan Otoum , Zeeshan Sattar

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in other domains has raised the question of whether LLMs can reliably assess and manipulate the readability of text. We approach this question empirically. First, using a published corpus of 4,724…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sean Trott , Pamela D. Rivière

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

In this work, we make the first attempt to evaluate LLMs in a more challenging code generation scenario, i.e. class-level code generation. We first manually construct the first class-level code generation benchmark ClassEval of 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Hanlin Wang , Junwei Liu , Yixuan Chen , Jiayi Feng , Chaofeng Sha , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Code large language models (codeLLMs) have made significant strides in code generation. Most previous code-related benchmarks, which consist of various programming exercises along with the corresponding test cases, are used as a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jian Yang , Jiaxi Yang , Ke Jin , Yibo Miao , Lei Zhang , Liqun Yang , Zeyu Cui , Yichang Zhang , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

As generative AI models, particularly large language models (LLMs), transform educational feedback practices in higher education (HE) contexts, understanding students' perceptions of different sources of feedback becomes crucial for their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Audrey Zhang , Yifei Gao , Wannapon Suraworachet , Tanya Nazaretsky , Mutlu Cukurova

$ $Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly utilized in various applications, with code generations being a notable example. While previous research has shown that LLMs have the capability to generate both secure and insecure…

Ensuring web accessibility at scale remains challenging because rule-based tools provide limited coverage while manual remediation is costly and error-prone. This paper evaluates large language model based agents, specifically Kimi K2.5,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Oluwatoyosi Oyelayo , Ghada Abushaqra , Parham Asadi , Durjoy Dey , Diego Elias Costa

Large language models (LLMs) show the promise in supporting scientific research implementation, yet their ability to generate correct and executable code remains limited. Existing works largely adopt one-shot settings, ignoring the…

Generative artificial intelligences, particularly large language models (LLMs), play an increasingly prominent role in human decision-making contexts, necessitating transparency about their capabilities. While prior studies have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lydia Uhler , Verena Jordan , Jürgen Buder , Markus Huff , Frank Papenmeier

To ensure that Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively support user productivity, they need to be adjusted. Existing Code Readability (CR) models can guide this alignment. However, there are concerns about their relevance in modern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Evgeniia Kirillova , Timofey Bryksin

This study aims to explore the best practices for utilizing GenAI as a programming tool, through a comparative analysis between GPT-4 and GLM-4. By evaluating prompting strategies at different levels of complexity, we identify that simplest…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Angus Yang , Zehan Li , Jie Li

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), have started gaining popularity among researchers and software developers for generating source code. However, LLMs have been shown to generate code with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Hyunjae Suh , Mahan Tafreshipour , Jiawei Li , Adithya Bhattiprolu , Iftekhar Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming integral to a wide range of tools, tasks, and problem-solving processes, especially in software development. Originally designed for natural language processing tasks such as text…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Prashant Chandrasekar , Mariel Couvillion , Ayshwarya Saktheeswaran , Jessica Zeitz