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With the rapid evolution of Android applications, traditional machine learning-based detection models suffer from concept drift. Additionally, they are constrained by shallow features, lacking deep semantic understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xueying Zeng , Youquan Xian , Sihao Liu , Xudong Mou , Yanze Li , Lei Cui , Bo Li

Android malware detection is a significat problem that affects billions of users using millions of Android applications (apps) in existing markets. This paper proposes PetaDroid, a framework for accurate Android malware detection and family…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-31 ElMouatez Billah Karbab , Mourad Debbabi

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have become a significant part of the Android ecosystem. Developers can employ various TPLs to facilitate their app development. Unfortunately, the popularity of TPLs also brings new security issues. For…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Xian Zhan , Tianming Liu , Yepang Liu , Yang Liu , Li Li , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo

This article discusses how the gap between early 5G network threat assessments and an adversarial Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTPs) knowledge base for future use in the MITRE ATT&CK threat modelling framework can be bridged. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Robert Pell , Sotiris Moschoyiannis , Emmanouil Panaousis , Ryan Heartfield

Android malware detection systems suffer severe performance degradation over time due to concept drift caused by evolving malicious and benign app behaviors. Although recent methods leverage active learning and hierarchical contrastive loss…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Ahsanul Haque , Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol , Suresh Kumar Amalapuram , Vladik Kreinovich , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved impressive zero-shot recognition performance but remain highly susceptible to adversarial perturbations, posing significant risks in safety-critical scenarios. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhiwei Li , Yitian Pang , Weining Wang , Zhenan Sun , Qi Li

This work evaluates the performance of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) extraction methods in identifying attack techniques from threat reports available on the web using the MITRE ATT&CK framework. We analyse four configurations utilising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hoang Cuong Nguyen , Shahroz Tariq , Mohan Baruwal Chhetri , Bao Quoc Vo

With the increasing user base of Android devices and advent of technologies such as Internet Banking, delicate user data is prone to be misused by malware and spyware applications. As the app developer community increases, the quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Dhruv Rathi , Rajni Jindal

Machine learning (ML) underpins foundation models in finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, making them targets for data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, automated jailbreaking, and preference-guided black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Armstrong Foundjem , Lionel Nganyewou Tidjon , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh

Network analysis and machine learning techniques have been widely applied for building malware detection systems. Though these systems attain impressive results, they often are $(i)$ not extensible, being monolithic, well tuned for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Yashovardhan Sharma , Simon Birnbach , Ivan Martinovic

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) outline the methods attackers use to exploit vulnerabilities. The interpretation of TTPs in the MITRE ATT&CK framework can be challenging for cybersecurity practitioners due to presumed expertise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Reza Fayyazi , Rozhina Taghdimi , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Android is undergoing unprecedented malicious threats daily, but the existing methods for malware detection often fail to cope with evolving camouflage in malware. To address this issue, we present HAWK, a new malware detection framework…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Yiming Hei , Renyu Yang , Hao Peng , Lihong Wang , Xiaolin Xu , Jianwei Liu , Hong Liu , Jie Xu , Lichao Sun

Attribution of cyber-attacks remains a complex but critical challenge for cyber defenders. Currently, manual extraction of behavioral indicators from dense forensic documentation causes significant attribution delays, especially following…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kyla Guru , Robert J. Moss , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Android is among the most targeted platform by attackers. While attackers are improving their techniques, traditional solutions based on static and dynamic analysis have been also evolving. In addition to the application code, Android…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Sevil Sen , Burcu Can

The emergence of mobile platforms with increased storage and computing capabilities and the pervasive use of these platforms for sensitive applications such as online banking, e-commerce and the storage of sensitive information on these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Joshua Abah , Waziri O. , Abdullahi M. B , Arthur U. M , Adewale O. S

Extracting MITRE ATT\&CK Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) from natural language threat reports is crucial yet challenging. Existing methods primarily focus on performance metrics using data-driven approaches, often neglecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Cheng Meng , ZhengWei Jiang , QiuYun Wang , XinYi Li , ChunYan Ma , FangMing Dong , FangLi Ren , BaoXu Liu

The existing malware classification approaches (i.e., binary and family classification) can barely benefit subsequent analysis with their outputs. Even the family classification approaches suffer from lacking a formal naming standard and an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qijing Qiao , Ruitao Feng , Sen Chen , Fei Zhang , Xiaohong Li

Machine learning (ML)-based malware detection systems often fail to account for the dynamic nature of real-world training and test data distributions. In practice, these distributions evolve due to frequent changes in the Android ecosystem,…

Machine learning (ML) based approach is considered as one of the most promising techniques for Android malware detection and has achieved high accuracy by leveraging commonly-used features. In practice, most of the ML classifications only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Bozhi Wu , Sen Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Lingling Fan , Yang Liu , Weiping Wen , Michael R. Lyu

In the digitized world, smartphones and their apps play an important role. To name just a few examples, some apps offer possibilities for entertainment, others for online banking, and others offer support for two-factor authentication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Alexander Hefter , Christoph Sendner , Alexandra Dmitrienko