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Quantum metrology aims to maximize measurement precision on quantum systems, with a wide range of applications in quantum sensing. Achieving the Heisenberg limit (HL) - the fundamental precision bound set by quantum mechanics - is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Zachary Mann , Ningping Cao , Raymond Laflamme , Sisi Zhou

Quantum effects in metrology can in principle enhance measurement precision from the so-called standard quantum limit to the Heisenberg Limit. Further advancements in quantum metrology largely rely on innovative metrology protocols that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Zhixing Zou , Jiangbin Gong , Weitao Chen

Entangled quantum probes can achieve Heisenberg-limited measurement precision, but this advantage is typically destroyed by noise. We address this issue by introducing a framework that we call encoded quantum signal processing, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Carlos Ortiz Marrero , Rui Jie Tang , Nathan Wiebe

Quantum metrology promises precision beyond classical limits but environmental noise, unless properly controlled, reduces the quantum advantage to at most a constant improvement. A key challenge is therefore to design quantum control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Wojciech Gorecki , Christiane P. Koch

Quantum effect enables enhanced estimation precision in metrology, with the Heisenberg limit (HL) representing the ultimate limit allowed by quantum mechanics. Although the HL is generally unattainable in the presence of noise, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Himanshu Sahu , Qian Xu , Sisi Zhou

Methods borrowed from the world of quantum information processing have lately been used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum detectors. Here we analyze the use of stabilizer quantum error-correction codes for the purpose of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-15 Roee Ozeri

The Heisenberg limit is the superior precision available by entanglement sensors. However, entanglementis fragile against dephasing, and there is no known quantum metrology protocol that can achieve Heisenberg limited sensitivity with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Shiro Saito , William J. Munro

Quantum metrology has many important applications in science and technology, ranging from frequency spectroscopy to gravitational wave detection. Quantum mechanics imposes a fundamental limit on measurement precision, called the Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-05 Sisi Zhou , Mengzhen Zhang , John Preskill , Liang Jiang

Quantum metrology allows for a huge boost in the precision of parameters estimation. However, it seems to be extremely sensitive on the noise. Bound entangled states are states with large amount of noise what makes them unusable for almost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-09 L. Czekaj , A. Przysiezna , M. Horodecki , P. Horodecki

A central feature of quantum metrology is the possibility of Heisenberg scaling, a quadratic improvement over the limits of classical statistics. This scaling, however, is notoriously fragile to noise. While for some noise types it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Giulio Chiribella , Xiaobin Zhao

Two-mode interferometers, such as Michelson interferometer based on two spatial optical modes, lay the foundations for quantum metrology. Instead of exploring quantum entanglement in the two-mode interferometers, a single bosonic mode also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 W. Wang , Y. Wu , Y. Ma , W. Cai , L. Hu , X. Mu , Y. Xu , Zi-Jie Chen , H. Wang , Y. P. Song , H. Yuan , C. -L. Zou , L. -M. Duan , L. Sun

The impact of measurement imperfections on quantum metrology protocols has not been approached in a systematic manner so far. In this work, we tackle this issue by generalising firstly the notion of quantum Fisher information to account for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Yink Loong Len , Tuvia Gefen , Alex Retzker , Jan Kołodyński

Quantum metrology is a promising practical use case for quantum technologies, where physical quantities can be measured with unprecedented precision. In lieu of quantum error correction procedures, near term quantum devices are expected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-03 Yingkai Ouyang , Nathan Shettell , Damian Markham

Quantum metrology allows us to attain a measurement precision that surpasses the classically achievable limit by using quantum characters. The metrology precision is raised from the standard quantum limit (SQL) to the Heisenberg limit (HL)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Yuan-Sheng Wang , Chong Chen , Jun-Hong An

Quantum metrology aims to exploit many-body quantum states to achieve parameter-estimation precision beyond the standard quantum limit. For unitary parameter encoding generated by local Hamiltonians, such enhancement is characterized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Junjie Chen , Rui Luo , Yuxuan Yan , You Zhou , Xiongfeng Ma

Learning the Hamiltonian governing a quantum system is a central task in quantum metrology, sensing, and device characterization. Existing Heisenberg-limited Hamiltonian learning protocols either require multi-qubit operations that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shrigyan Brahmachari , Shuchen Zhu , Iman Marvian , Yu Tong

In quantum metrology, entanglement represents a valuable resource that can be used to overcome the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) that bounds the precision of sensors that operate with independent particles. Measurements beyond the SQL are…

Environmental noise can hinder the metrological capabilities of entangled states. While the use of entanglement allows for Heisenberg-limited resolution, the largest permitted by quantum mechanics, deviations from strictly unitary dynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-30 Jan Jeske , Jared H. Cole , Susana Huelga

Quantum error correction (QEC) is theoretically capable of achieving the ultimate estimation limits in noisy quantum metrology. However, existing quantum error-correcting codes designed for noisy quantum metrology generally exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Sisi Zhou , Argyris Giannisis Manes , Liang Jiang

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman
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