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With the recent proliferation of artificial intelligence systems, there has been a surge in the demand for explainability of these systems. Explanations help to reduce system opacity, support transparency, and increase stakeholder trust. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Umm-e-Habiba , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner

Handling ambiguity and underspecification is an important challenge in natural language interfaces, particularly for tasks like text-to-SQL semantic parsing. We propose a modular approach that resolves ambiguity using natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Irina Saparina , Mirella Lapata

In this paper, we focus on inferring whether the given user command is clear, ambiguous, or infeasible in the context of interactive robotic agents utilizing large language models (LLMs). To tackle this problem, we first present an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jeongeun Park , Seungwon Lim , Joonhyung Lee , Sangbeom Park , Minsuk Chang , Youngjae Yu , Sungjoon Choi

User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie

In visual question answering (VQA) context, users often pose ambiguous questions to visual language models (VLMs) due to varying expression habits. Existing research addresses such ambiguities primarily by rephrasing questions. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Pu Jian , Donglei Yu , Wen Yang , Shuo Ren , Jiajun Zhang

Explainable AI has become a common term in the literature, scrutinized by computer scientists and statisticians and highlighted by psychological or philosophical researchers. One major effort many researchers tackle is constructing general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Carina Newen , Daniel Bodemer , Sonja Glantz , Emmanuel Müller , Magdalena Wischnewski , Lenka Schnaubert

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents have been widely used to improve networking tasks. However, understanding the decisions made by these agents is essential for their broader adoption in networking and network management. To address this,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yeison Stiven Murcia , Oscar Mauricio Caicedo , Daniela Maria Casas , Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Explanations are crucial for building trustworthy AI systems, but a gap often exists between the explanations provided by models and those needed by users. To address this gap, we introduce MetaExplainer, a neuro-symbolic framework designed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Shruthi Chari , Oshani Seneviratne , Prithwish Chakraborty , Pablo Meyer , Deborah L. McGuinness

When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to replace the human planner, but to facilitate an iterative reasoning and elicitation process, where the human's role is to guide the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Guilhem Fouilhé , Rebecca Eifler , Antonin Poché , Sylvie Thiébaux , Nicholas Asher

Interest in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been growing for decades and has accelerated recently. As Artificial Intelligence models have become more complex, and often more opaque, with the incorporation of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

The need for explanations in AI has, by and large, been driven by the desire to increase the transparency of black-box machine learning models. However, such explanations, which focus on the internal mechanisms that lead to a specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Laura Spillner , Nima Zargham , Mihai Pomarlan , Robert Porzel , Rainer Malaka

We present a novel framework designed to extend model reconciliation approaches, commonly used in human-aware planning, for enhanced human-AI interaction. By adopting a structured argumentation-based dialogue paradigm, our framework enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Ashwin Kumar , William Yeoh , Tran Cao Son , Francesca Toni

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

The integration of artificial intelligence into business processes has significantly enhanced decision-making capabilities across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail. However, explaining the decisions made by these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arne Grobrugge , Nidhi Mishra , Johannes Jakubik , Gerhard Satzger

Explanation of an AI agent requires knowledge of its design and operation. An open question is how to identify, access and use this design knowledge for generating explanations. Many AI agents used in practice, such as intelligent tutoring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ashok Goel , Vrinda Nandan , Eric Gregori , Sungeun An , Spencer Rugaber

To integrate seamlessly into real-world software engineering, Code Agents must evolve from passive instruction followers into proactive collaborative partners. However, current evaluation paradigms predominantly reward "guessing" user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jialin Li , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

Conversational agents such as Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini assist users with complex search tasks but often generate misleading or fabricated references. This undermines trust, particularly in high-stakes domains such as medicine and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alexander Frummet , Emanuel Slany , Jonas Amling , Moritz Lang , Stephan Scheele