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Dynamic neural networks are a recent technique that promises a remedy for the increasing size of modern deep learning models by dynamically adapting their computational cost to the difficulty of the inputs. In this way, the model can adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Lassi Meronen , Martin Trapp , Andrea Pilzer , Le Yang , Arno Solin

Prediction under uncertainty is a critical requirement for the deep neural network to succeed responsibly. This paper focuses on selective prediction, which allows DNNs to make informed decisions about when to predict or abstain based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ishan Mishra , Jiajie Li , Deepak Mishra , Jinjun Xiong

Despite the significant improvements in speaker recognition enabled by deep neural networks, unsatisfactory performance persists under noisy environments. In this paper, we train the speaker embedding network to learn the "clean" embedding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Danwei Cai , Weicheng Cai , Ming Li

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in deep learning regression is of wide interest, as it supports critical applications including sequential decision making and risk-sensitive tasks. In heteroskedastic regression, where the uncertainty of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mikkel Jordahn , Jonas Vestergaard Jensen , James Harrison , Michael Riis Andersen , Mikkel N. Schmidt

Deep neural networks have shown great success in prediction quality while reliable and robust uncertainty estimation remains a challenge. Predictive uncertainty supplements model predictions and enables improved functionality of downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Johanna Rock , Tiago Azevedo , René de Jong , Daniel Ruiz-Muñoz , Partha Maji

We present an approach to deep estimation of discrete conditional probability distributions. Such models have several applications, including generative modeling of audio, image, and video data. Our approach combines two main techniques:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-01 Wesley Tansey , Karl Pichotta , James G. Scott

Data-driven forecasts of air quality have recently achieved more accurate short-term predictions. Despite their success, most of the current data-driven solutions lack proper quantifications of model uncertainty that communicate how much to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Abdulmajid Murad , Frank Alexander Kraemer , Kerstin Bach , Gavin Taylor

Learned image reconstruction techniques using deep neural networks have recently gained popularity, and have delivered promising empirical results. However, most approaches focus on one single recovery for each observation, and thus neglect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Chen Zhang , Riccardo Barbano , Bangti Jin

Deep learning methods for unsupervised registration often rely on objectives that assume a uniform noise level across the spatial domain (e.g. mean-squared error loss), but noise distributions are often heteroscedastic and input-dependent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-19 Xiaoran Zhang , Daniel H. Pak , Shawn S. Ahn , Xiaoxiao Li , Chenyu You , Lawrence H. Staib , Albert J. Sinusas , Alex Wong , James S. Duncan

Recent advances in deep learning have shown that uncertainty estimation is becoming increasingly important in applications such as medical imaging, natural language processing, and autonomous systems. However, accurately quantifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Jae Myung Kim , Cordelia Schmidt , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zeynep Akata

Application for semantic segmentation models in areas such as autonomous vehicles and human computer interaction require real-time predictive capabilities. The challenges of addressing real-time application is amplified by the need to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ethan Goan , Clinton Fookes

Uncertainty estimation for machine learning models is of high importance in many scenarios such as constructing the confidence intervals for model predictions and detection of out-of-distribution or adversarially generated points. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Kirill Fedyanin , Evgenii Tsymbalov , Maxim Panov

Before entering the neural network, a token is generally converted to the corresponding one-hot representation, which is a discrete distribution of the vocabulary. Smoothed representation is the probability of candidate tokens obtained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Xing Wu , Chaochen Gao , Meng Lin , Liangjun Zang , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Neural networks make accurate predictions but often fail to provide reliable uncertainty estimates, especially under covariate distribution shifts between training and testing. To address this problem, we propose a Bayesian framework for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Yuli Slavutsky , David M. Blei

With the rapid advancement in the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs), there has been significant interest in deploying and incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) systems into real-world scenarios. However, many DNNs lack the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mijoo Kim , Junseok Kwon

Probabilistic predictions from neural networks which account for predictive uncertainty during classification is crucial in many real-world and high-impact decision making settings. However, in practice most datasets are trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Satya Borgohain , Klaus Ackermann , Ruben Loaiza-Maya

Adapting pre-trained deep learning models to new and unknown environments remains a major challenge in underwater acoustic localization. We show that although the performance of pre-trained models suffers from mismatch between the training…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dariush Kari , Hari Vishnu , Andrew C. Singer

This paper introduces a lightweight uncertainty estimator capable of predicting multimodal (disjoint) uncertainty bounds by integrating conformal prediction with a deep-learning regressor. We specifically discuss its application for visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Domenico Parente , Nastaran Darabi , Alex C. Stutts , Theja Tulabandhula , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Deep neural networks can be roughly divided into deterministic neural networks and stochastic neural networks.The former is usually trained to achieve a mapping from input space to output space via maximum likelihood estimation for the…

Uncertainty estimation bears the potential to make deep learning (DL) systems more reliable. Standard techniques for uncertainty estimation, however, come along with specific combinations of strengths and weaknesses, e.g., with respect to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Joachim Sicking , Maram Akila , Jan David Schneider , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Tim Wirtz , Stefan Wrobel