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Fluid antenna (FA) technology has recently emerged as an effective means of exploiting spatial diversity through position-domain reconfigurability. This paper investigates the integration of FA into over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Saeid Pakravan , Wessam Ajib , Ming Zeng , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Ji Wang

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm to train AI models over distributed edge devices (i.e., workers) using their local data, while confronting various challenges including communication resource constraints, edge heterogeneity and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Qianpiao Ma , Junlong Zhou , Xiangpeng Hou , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Jianeng Miao , Qingmin Jia

Over-the-air (OTA) federated learning (FL) has been well recognized as a scalable paradigm that exploits the waveform superposition of the wireless multiple-access channel to aggregate model updates in a single use. Existing OTA-FL designs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Muhammad Faraz Ul Abrar , Nicolò Michelusi

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm for training models across multiple edge devices holding local data sets, without explicitly exchanging the data. Recently, over-the-air (OTA) FL has been suggested to reduce…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-31 Tomer Gafni , Kobi Cohen , Yonina C. Eldar

With the explosive growth of data and wireless devices, federated learning (FL) over wireless medium has emerged as a promising technology for large-scale distributed intelligent systems. Yet, the urgent demand for ubiquitous intelligence…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Chenxi Zhong , Huiyuan Yang , Xiaojun Yuan

Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Federated RAG) combines Federated Learning (FL), which enables distributed model training without exposing raw data, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which improves the factual accuracy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Abhijit Chakraborty , Chahana Dahal , Vivek Gupta

Federated learning (FL) in wireless computing effectively utilizes communication bandwidth, yet it is vulnerable to errors during the analog aggregation process. While removing users with unfavorable channel conditions can mitigate these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-23 Yang Zhao , Yue Xiu , Minrui Xu , Ning Wei

Federated learning (FL) enables mobile devices to collaboratively learn a shared prediction model while keeping data locally. However, there are two major research challenges to practically deploy FL over mobile devices: (i) frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Liang Li , Chenpei Huang , Dian Shi , Hao Wang , Xiangwei Zhou , Minglei Shu , Miao Pan

In the era of 5G mobile communication, there has been a significant surge in research focused on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile edge computing technology. UAVs can serve as intelligent servers in edge computing environments,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zhengrong Song , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Howard H. Yang , Yuwen Qian , Xiangwei Zhou

Federated learning (FL) as a promising edge-learning framework can effectively address the latency and privacy issues by featuring distributed learning at the devices and model aggregation in the central server. In order to enable efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chunmei Xu , Shengheng Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Yongming Huang , Kai-Kit Wong

In this paper, we develop an orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM)-based over-the-air (OTA) aggregation solution for wireless federated learning (FL). In particular, the local gradients in massive IoT devices are modulated by an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-28 Huayan Guo , Yifan Zhu , Haoyu Ma , Vincent K. N. Lau , Kaibin Huang , Xiaofan Li , Huabin Nong , Mingyu Zhou

The paper studies a fundamental federated learning (FL) problem involving multiple clients with heterogeneous constrained resources. Compared with the numerous training parameters, the computing and communication resources of clients are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ruirui Zhang , Xingze Wu , Yifei Zou , Zhenzhen Xie , Peng Li , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

To address the limitations of traditional over-the-air federated learning (OA-FL) such as limited server coverage and low resource utilization, we propose an OA-FL in MIMO cloud radio access network (MIMO Cloud-RAN) framework, where edge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Haoming Ma , Xiaojun Yuan , Zhi Ding

This paper considers over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL). OTA-FL exploits the superposition property of the wireless medium, and performs model aggregation over the air for free. Thus, it can greatly reduce the communication cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Haibo Yang , Peiwen Qiu , Jia Liu , Aylin Yener

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach involving multiple clients collaboratively training a shared model. Such a system has the advantage of more training data from multiple clients, but data can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sone Kyaw Pye , Han Yu

Federated learning (FL) is a promising learning paradigm that can tackle the increasingly prominent isolated data islands problem while keeping users' data locally with privacy and security guarantees. However, FL could result in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Peng Yang , Yuning Jiang , Ting Wang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Colin N. Jones

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising framework for distributed learning, enabling collaborative model training without sharing private data. Existing wireless FL works primarily adopt two communication strategies: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Muhammad Faraz Ul Abrar , Nicolò Michelusi

Federated edge learning is a promising technology to deploy intelligence at the edge of wireless networks in a privacy-preserving manner. Under such a setting, multiple clients collaboratively train a global generic model under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Zihan Chen , Zeshen Li , Howard H. Yang , Tony Q. S. Quek

The emergence of Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has alleviated the issues of outdated and hallucinatory content in the generation of large language models (LLMs), yet it still reveals numerous limitations. When a general-purpose LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jiayi Wu , Hengyi Cai , Lingyong Yan , Hao Sun , Xiang Li , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Ming Gao

Wireless devices are expected to provide a wide range of AI services in 6G networks. The increasing computing capabilities of wireless devices and the surge of wireless data motivate the use of privacy-preserving federated learning (FL). In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Chen Chen , Emil Björnson , Carlo Fischione