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Underlying events dominate most of the hadronic activity in p$-$p collisions and are spanned from perturbative to non-perturbative QCD, having a sensitivity ranging from the multi-scale to very low-x scale physics. A detailed understanding…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Krishna Kumar , Sadhana Dash

In this article, a framework for hadronic rescattering in the general-purpose Pythia event generator is introduced. The starting point is the recently presented space-time picture of the hadronization process. It is now extended with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-28 Torbjörn Sjöstrand , Marius Utheim

It has been proposed to search for thermal and collective properties arising from parton-fragmentation processes by examining high jet charged-constituent multiplicities ($N_{\rm j,ch}$) in proton-proton (pp) collisions. This proposal was…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-27 Robert Vertesi , Antonio Ortiz

We investigate production of $J/\psi$ mesons in hadron-hadron collisions, defined as low invariant mass $c\bar{c}$ singlets produced in a mixture of perturbative and nonperturbative mechanisms provided by the PYTHIA Monte Carlo. We find…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-16 Piotr Kotko , Leszek Motyka , Anna Stasto

The striking resemblance of high multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC to heavy ion collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A consistent explanation of the collectivity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-30 Liang Zheng , Guang-Hui Zhang , Yun-Fan Liu , Zi-Wei Lin , Qi-Ye Shou , Zhong-Bao Yin

The effects of the final state interaction phenomenon known as colour reconnection are investigated at centre-of-mass energies in the range sqrt(s) ~ 189-209 GeV using the OPAL detector at LEP. Colour reconnection is expected to affect…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 The OPAL Collaboration , G. Abbiendi

We present a Bayesian method to reconstruct event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations and rapidity correlations in p+Pb collisions at zero impact parameter from minimum-bias data, without assuming any model of the collision dynamics. We test…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-02-07 Mathis Pepin , Peter Christiansen , Stéphane Munier , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Stimulated by the keen interest of possible collective behavior in high-energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, we study two-particle angular correlations in pseudorapidity and azimuthal differences in simulated p + p…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-28 Manuel Sebastian Torres , Yicheng Feng , Fuqiang Wang

Based on the recent success of the \angantyr model in describing multiplicity distributions of the hadronic final state in high energy heavy ion collisions, we investigate how far one can go with a such a string-based scenario to describe…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-01 Christian Bierlich , Smita Chakraborty , Gösta Gustafson , Leif Lönnblad

We present a new framework for modeling hard diffractive events in photoproduction, implemented in the general purpose event generator Pythia 8. The model is an extension of the model for hard diffraction with dynamical gap survival in pp…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-26 Ilkka Helenius , Christine O. Rasmussen

The fractal and phase transitional properties of each type of pions (i.e. $\pi^{\pm,0}$) through one-dimensional $\eta-$space, at an energy of $\sqrt{s}=13~$TeV, have been studied with the help of the Scaled Factorial Moment (SFM)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-05 Tumpa Biswas , Dibakar Dhar , Azharuddin Ahmed , Prabir Kumar Haldar , Abdel Nasser Tawfik

We present a new model for the hadronisation of multi-parton systems, in which colour correlations beyond leading $N_C$ are allowed to influence the formation of confining potentials (strings). The multiplet structure of $SU(3)$ is combined…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-25 Jesper R. Christiansen , Peter Z. Skands

We discuss the process of colour-singlet parton-parton scattering, which in hadron-hadron collision can lead to production of jet events, where a rapidity gap between the jets is present. The dynamics of the process is calculated within LL…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-08 Rafał Staszewski , Izabela Babiarz , Antoni Szczurek

Heavy-ion collision physics has entered the high precision era, demanding theoretical models capable of generating huge statistics to compare with experimental data. However, traditional hybrid models, which combine hydrodynamics and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-28 Jing-An Sun , Li Yan , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon

We train a generative diffusion model (DM) to simulate ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions from end to end. The model takes initial entropy density profiles as input and produces two-dimensional final particle spectra, successfully…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-14 Jing-An Sun , Li Yan , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon

We study the simplest mode-coupling equation which describes the time correlation function of the spherical p-spin glass model. We formulate a systematic perturbation theory near the mode-coupling transition point by introducing multiple…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Mami Iwata , Shin-ichi Sasa

Collisions between nuclei at ultrarelativistic energies produce a color-deconfined plasma that expands explosively and rapidly reverts to the color-confined (hadronic) state. In non-central collisions, the zone of hot matter is transversely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-06-10 M. A. Lisa , E. Frodermann , G. Graef , M. Mitrovski , E. Mount , H. Petersen , M. Bleicher

The mass ordering of mean transverse momentum $\left<p_T\right>$ and of the Fourier harmonic coefficient $v_2 (p_T)$ of azimuthally anisotropic particle distributions in high energy hadron collisions is often interpreted as evidence for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-10-19 Bjoern Schenke , Soeren Schlichting , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

A new method to extract information from the pp data is proposed. The approach is based on the use of the event structure variables: sphericity and spherocity, to split the data into enhanced soft and hard processes samples corresponding to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-04-10 Eleazar Cuautle , Raul Jimenez , Ivonne Maldonado , Antonio Ortiz , Guy Paic , Edgar Perez

Studies of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter created in nuclear collisions are typically carried out using event-by-event fluctuations. Well-known way to disentangle statistical and dynamical fluctuations is to construct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-13 Evgeny Andronov