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Agent skills, structured procedural knowledge packages injected at inference time, are increasingly used to augment LLM agents on software engineering tasks. However, their real utility in end-to-end development settings remains unclear. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Tingxu Han , Yi Zhang , Wei Song , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen , Youcheng Sun , Lijie Hu

Tests can be useful towards resolving issues on code repositories. However, relying too much on tests for issue resolution can lead to code that technically passes observed tests but actually misses important cases or even breaks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Toufique Ahmed , Jatin Ganhotra , Avraham Shinnar , Martin Hirzel

LLM-based agents have shown promising capabilities in a growing range of software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, advancing this field faces two critical challenges. First, high-quality training data is scarce, especially data that…

Software Engineering Agents (SWE agents) can autonomously perform development tasks on benchmarks like SWE Bench, but still face challenges when tackling complex and ambiguous real-world tasks. Consequently, SWE agents are often designed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aayush Kumar , Yasharth Bajpai , Sumit Gulwani , Gustavo Soares , Emerson Murphy-Hill

AI coding agents have shown great progress on Python software engineering benchmarks like SWE-Bench, and for other languages like Java and C in benchmarks like Multi-SWE-Bench. However, C# -- a prominent enterprise language ranking #5 in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sanket Mhatre , Yasharth Bajpai , Sumit Gulwani , Emerson Murphy-Hill , Gustavo Soares

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based Agents have been applied to fix bugs automatically, demonstrating the capability in addressing software defects by engaging in development environment interaction, iterative validation and code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiangxin Meng , Zexiong Ma , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng

Issue resolution, a complex Software Engineering (SWE) task integral to real-world development, has emerged as a compelling challenge for artificial intelligence. The establishment of benchmarks like SWE-bench revealed this task as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Caihua Li , Lianghong Guo , Yanlin Wang , Daya Guo , Wei Tao , Zhenyu Shan , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Haoyu Song , Duyu Tang , Hongyu Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Despite the immense popularity of the Automated Program Repair (APR) field, the question of patch validation is still open. Most of the present-day approaches follow the so-called Generate-and-Validate approach, where first a candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Viktor Csuvik , Dániel Horváth , Márk Lajkó , László Vidács

LLM-based agent systems are emerging as a new software paradigm and have been widely adopted across diverse domains such as medicine, robotics, and programming. However, maintaining these systems requires substantial effort, as they are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Alfin Wijaya Rahardja , Junwei Liu , Weitong Chen , Zhenpeng Chen , Yiling Lou

Rigorous security-focused evaluation of large language model (LLM) agents is imperative for establishing trust in their safe deployment throughout the software development lifecycle. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hwiwon Lee , Ziqi Zhang , Hanxiao Lu , Lingming Zhang

The rapid progress in Automated Program Repair (APR) has been driven by advances in AI, particularly large language models (LLMs) and agent-based systems. SWE-Bench is a recent benchmark designed to evaluate LLM-based repair systems using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Matias Martinez , Xavier Franch

We introduce SWE-PRBench, a benchmark of 350 pull requests with human-annotated ground truth for evaluating AI code review quality. Evaluated against an LLM-as-judge framework validated at kappa=0.75, 8 frontier models detect only 15-31% of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Deepak Kumar

Progress in software-engineering agents is increasingly constrained by the scarcity of executable, scalable, and realistic data for training and evaluation. This scarcity stems from three fundamental challenges in existing pipelines:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yucheng Zeng , Shupeng Li , Daxiang Dong , Ruijie Xu , Zimo Chen , Liwei Zheng , Yuxuan Li , Zhe Zhou , Haotian Zhao , Lun Tian , Heng Xiao , Tianshu Zhu , Longkun Hao , Jianmin Wu

Performance bugs are inefficiencies in software that waste computational resources without causing functional failures, making them particularly challenging to detect and fix. While recent advances in Software Engineering agents have shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Spandan Garg , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam , Neel Sundaresan

Context: Software security patch management purports to support the process of patching known software security vulnerabilities. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of software security patch management, it is important and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Nesara Dissanayake , Asangi Jayatilaka , Mansooreh Zahedi , M. Ali Babar

Code agents resolve 65-70% of SWE-bench Verified issues, but Pass@1 cannot tell us why the rest fail, and, as we show, capable-model failures are systematically misdiagnosed without trajectory data. We introduce TRAJEVAL, a training-free…

While large language model agents have advanced software engineering tasks, the unscalable nature of existing test-based supervision is limiting the potential improvement of data scaling. The reason is twofold: (1) building and running test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junjielong Xu , Boyin Tan , Xiaoyuan Liu , Chao Peng , Pengfei Gao , Pinjia He

Identifying which software versions are affected by a vulnerability is critical for patching, risk mitigation. Despite a growing body of tools, their real-world effectiveness remains unclear due to narrow evaluation scopes often limited to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xingchu Chen , Chengwei Liu , Jialun Cao , Yang Xiao , Xinyue Cai , Yeting Li , Jingyi Shi , Tianqi Sun , Haiming Chen ang Wei Huo

Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Creating large-scale verifiable training datasets for issue-resolving tasks is a critical yet notoriously difficult challenge. Existing methods on automating the Gym environment setup process for real-world issues suffer from low success…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Junhao Wang , Daoguang Zan , Shulin Xin , Siyao Liu , Yurong Wu , Kai Shen