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Earth's atmosphere imprints a large number of telluric absorption and emission lines on astronomical spectra, especially in the near infrared, that need to be removed before analysing the affected wavelength regions. These lines are…
Global and regional climate model projections are useful for gauging future patterns of climate variables, including solar radiation, but data from these models is often too coarse to assess local impacts. Within the context of solar…
Recently Wi\'sniewska et al. demonstrated observationally how the acoustic cutoff frequency varies with height in the solar atmosphere including the upper photosphere and the lower and middle chromosphere, and showed that the observational…
The analysis of the photospheric velocity field is essential for understanding plasma turbulence in the solar surface, which may be responsible for driving processes such as magnetic reconnection, flares, wave propagation, particle…
We report a data-parsimonious machine learning model for short-term forecasting of solar irradiance. The model inputs include sky camera images that are reduced to scalar features to meet data transmission constraints. The output irradiance…
In this paper we illustrate the technique used by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope to increase the spatial resolution of two-dimensional (2D) solar spectroscopy observation involving two dimensions of space and one of wavelength. Without an…
We developed a method to automatically detect and trace solar filaments in H\alpha\ full-disk images. The program is able not only to recognize filaments and determine their properties, such as the position, the area, the spine, and other…
As the use of solar power increases, having accurate and timely forecasts will be essential for smooth grid operators. There are many proposed methods for forecasting solar irradiance / solar power production. However, many of these methods…
Model simulations of solar irradiance reaching the Earth's surface during a solar eclipse constitute a useful tool for studying the impact of this phenomenon on the radiance propagation through the atmosphere. A simple approach to extend…
The Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) is a dedicated time-domain multi-band ($u$, $g$, $r$, $i$, and $z$) photometric survey facility under construction. In this paper, we present a preliminary study that assesses the quality of…
We develop data-driven algorithms to fully automate sensor fault detection in systems governed by underlying physics. The proposed machine learning method uses a time series of typical behavior to approximate the evolution of measurements…
The method of active day fraction (ADF) was proposed recently to calibrate different solar observers to the standard observational conditions. The result of the calibration may depend on the overall level of solar activity during the…
In this work we study in details the influence of pure astronomical refraction on solar metrologic measurements made from ground-based full disk imagery and provide the tools for correcting the measurements and estimating the associated…
The difference between individual solar cycles in the magnetic butterfly diagram can mostly be ascribed to the stochasticity of the emergence process. We aim to obtain the expectation value of the butterfly diagram from observations of four…
Wind-blown snow particles often contaminate Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) data of snow covered terrain. However, common filtering techniques fail to filter wind-blown snow and incorrectly filter data from the true surface due to the…
Radio spectroscopy provides a unique inspection perspective for solar and space weather research, which can reveal the plasma and energetic electron information in the solar corona and inner heliosphere. However, Radio-Frequency…
We identify a systematic distortion of the gain-vs.-frequency function of radio telescopes caused by digital flattening ("whitening") of the signal's spectrum followed by re-quantization, a common pair of processes in the signal processing…
Variational Data Assimilation (DA) has enabled huge improvements in the skill of operational weather forecasting. In this study, we use a simple solar-wind propagation model to develop the first solar-wind variational DA scheme. This scheme…
The solar group at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is conducting synoptic solar observations with the Solar Flare Telescope. While it is a part of a long-term solar monitoring, contributing to the study of solar dynamo…
Understanding the global rotational profile of the solar atmosphere and its variation is fundamental to uncovering a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the solar magnetic field and the extent of coupling between different layers…