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It is difficult to analyze the stability of systems with time-varying delays. One approach is to construct a time-transformation that converts the system into a form with a constant delay but with a time-varying scalar appearing in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Jungbae Chun , Sengiyumva Kisole , Matthew M. Peet , Peter Seiler

We consider the time dependent Maxwell system in the sense of distributions in the context of temporal interfaces. Just as with spatial interfaces, electromagnetic waves at temporal interfaces scatter and create a transmitted and reflected…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Cristian E. Gutiérrez , Eric Stachura

In the case of an external Hamiltonian at most quadratic in position and momentum operators, we use the ABCD formulation of atom optics to establish an exact analytical phase shift expression for atom interferometers with arbitrary spatial…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ch. Antoine , Ch. J. Borde

Scattering wave systems that are periodically modulated in time offer many new degrees of freedom to control waves both in spatial and frequency domains. Such systems, albeit linear, do not conserve frequency and require the adaptation of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Matthieu Malléjac , Romain Fleury

We present a comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the use of the transfer matrix to study propagation in one-dimensional lossless systems, including a variety of examples, such as superlattices, photonic crystals, and optical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-05-08 L. L. Sanchez-Soto , J. J. Monzon , A. G. Barriuso , J. F. Carinena

The transmission matrix is a unique tool to control light through a scattering medium. A monochromatic transmission matrix does not allow temporal control of broadband light. Conversely, measuring multiple transmission matrices with…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-16 Mickael Mounaix , Hilton B. de Aguiar , Sylvain Gigan

Photonic time-varying systems have attracted significant attention owing to their rich physics and potential opportunities for new and enhanced functionalities. In this context, the duality of space and time in wave physics has been…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-13 Zeki Hayran , Jacob B. Khurgin , Francesco Monticone

Time-varying media, characterized by dynamic or spacetime-modulated constitutive parameters such as permittivity and permeability, have recently emerged as a transformative paradigm for advanced wave control, transcending the constraints…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-20 Youxiu Yu , Hao Hu , Qianru Yang , Linyang Zou , Dongjue Liu , Hao Chi Zhang , Yu Luo

In this paper, we present a new approach for the exact calculation of band structure in one-dimensional periodic media, such as photonic crystals and superlattices, based on the recently reported differential transfer matrix method (DTMM).…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Sina Khorasani , Ali Adibi

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong generative capabilities across domains ranging from image synthesis to complex reasoning tasks. However, most inference-time scaling methods rely on fixed denoising schedules, limiting their ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gyubin Lee , Truong Nhat Nguyen Bao , Jaesik Yoon , Dongwoo Lee , Minsu Kim , Yoshua Bengio , Sungjin Ahn

Causality creates an asymmetry between space and time, even though the wave equation treats them on equal footing. In this work, we leverage this asymmetry to construct a cross-mapping between space and time. This cross-mapping is applied…

Optics · Physics 2015-04-09 Mohamed A. Salem , Christophe Caloz

Time-varying optical materials have attracted recent interest for their potential to enable frequency conversion, nonreciprocal physics, photonic time-crystals, and more. However, the description of time-varying materials has been primarily…

We develop a new framework for branched transport between probability measures which are allowed to vary in time. This framework can be used to model problems where the underlying transportation network displays a branched structure, but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Jun Kitagawa , Cecilia Mikat

Negative refraction is a peculiar wave propagation phenomenon that occurs when a wave crosses a boundary between a regular medium and a medium with both constitutive parameters negative at the given frequency. The phase and group velocities…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-23 Or Lasri , Lea Sirota

A time-frequency diagram is a commonly used visualization for observing the time-frequency distribution of radio signals and analyzing their time-varying patterns of communication states in radio monitoring and management. While it excels…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-03 Ying Zhao , Luhao Ge , Huixuan Xie , Genghuai Bai , Zhao Zhang , Qiang Wei , Yun Lin , Yuchao Liu , Fangfang Zhou

The quantitative contributions of a mixed phase-space to the mean characterizing the distribution of diagonal transition matrix elements and to the variance characterizing the distributions of non-diagonal transition matrix elements are…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Boose , J. Main

This work investigates the effects of time-varying media, where optical properties change over time, on electromagnetic wave propagation, focusing on plane waves and free-electron evanescent waves. We introduce a switching parameter,…

Structure of real networked systems, such as social relationship, can be modeled as temporal networks in which each edge appears only at the prescribed time. Understanding the structure of temporal networks requires quantifying the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-17 Taro Takaguchi , Yosuke Yano , Yuichi Yoshida

Time-varying metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. Similar to a spatial medium discontinuity, a sudden change in time of the metamaterial refractive index induces the generation of a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

A new Monte-Carlo algorithm for calculating time-dependent radiative-transfer under the assumption of LTE is presented. Unlike flux-limited diffusion the method is polychromatic, includes scattering, and is able to treat the optically thick…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Tim J. Harries