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Inertial wave modes in the Sun are of interest owing to their potential to reveal new insight into the solar interior. These predominantly retrograde-propagating modes in the solar subsurface appear to deviate from the thin-shell…
Solar inertial modes are quasi-toroidal modes of the Sun that are of practical interest as they allow probing the deep convection zone. Since 2010, solar images of the photospheric magnetic field are made available by HMI onboard the Solar…
Recent observations of Rossby waves and other more exotic forms of inertial oscillations in the Sun's convection zone have kindled the hope that such waves might be used as a seismic probe of the Sun's interior. Here we present a 3D…
Recently discovered inertial waves, observed on the solar surface, likely extend to the deeper layers of the Sun. Utilizing helioseismic techniques, we explore these motions, allowing us to discern inertial-mode eigenfunctions in both…
Ring-diagram analysis of acoustic waves observed at the photosphere can provide a relatively robust determination of the sub-surface flows at a particular time under a particular region. The depth of penetration of the waves is related to…
The observation of global acoustic waves (p modes) in the Sun has been key to unveiling its internal structure and dynamics. A different kind of wave, known as sectoral Rossby modes, have been observed and identified, which potentially…
Various types of inertial modes have been observed and identified on the Sun, including the equatorial Rossby modes, critical-latitude modes, and high-latitude modes. Recent observations further report a detection of…
Today's picture of the internal solar rotation rate profile results essentially from helioseismic analyses of frequency splittings of resonant acoustic waves. Here we present another, complementary estimation of the internal solar rotation…
Solar differential rotation exhibits a prominent feature: its cyclic variations over the solar cycle, referred to as zonal flows or torsional oscillations, are observed throughout the convection zone. Given the challenge of measuring…
Helioseismic observations have provided valuable datasets with which to pursue the detailed investigation of solar interior dynamics. Among various methods to analyse these data, normal-mode coupling has proven to be a powerful tool, used…
The dynamics of the solar radiative interior are still poorly constrained by comparison to the convective zone. This disparity is even more marked when we attempt to derive meaningful temporal variations. Many data sets contain a small…
Accurate determination of the rotation rate in the radiative zone of the sun from helioseismic observations requires rotational frequency splittings of exceptional quality as well as reliable inversion techniques. We present here inferences…
The oscillations of a slowly rotating star have long been classified into spheroidal and toroidal modes. The spheroidal modes include the well-known 5-min acoustic modes used in helioseismology. Here we report observations of the Sun's…
Low-m inertial modes have been recently discovered in the Sun's high-latitude regions. In this study, we characterize the observational properties of the m = 1 mode by analyzing time-distance subsurface flow maps. Synoptic flow maps,…
On the one hand, several types of global-scale inertial modes of oscillation have been observed on the Sun. They include the equatorial Rossby modes, critical-latitude modes, and high-latitude modes. On the other hand, the columnar…
The observed solar oscillation spectrum is influenced by internal perturbations such as flows and structural asphericities. These features induce splitting of characteristic frequencies and distort the resonant-mode eigenfunctions. Global…
We perform helioseismic holography to assess the noise in p-mode travel-time shifts which would form the basis of inferences of large-scale flows throughout the solar convection zone. We also derive the expected travel times from a…
Time-distance helioseismology provides information about vector flows in the near-surface layers of the Sun by measuring wave travel times between points on the solar surface. Specific spatial averages of travel times have been proposed for…
Observations of the solar surface reveal the presence of flows with length scales of around $35$ Mm, commonly referred to as supergranules. Inferring the sub-surface flow profile of supergranules from measurements of the surface and…
Inertial modes have been observed on the Sun at low longitudinal wavenumbers. These modes probe the dynamics and structure of the solar convection zone down to the tachocline. While linear analysis allows the complex eigenfrequencies and…