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Adapting LLMs to specific stylistic characteristics, like brand voice or authorial tones, is crucial for enterprise communication but challenging to achieve from corpora which lacks instruction-response formatting without compromising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Pritika Ramu , Apoorv Saxena , Meghanath M Y , Varsha Sankar , Debraj Basu

While Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable capabilities across various natural language tasks, they often fall short of the performance achieved by domain-specific state-of-the-art models. One potential approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 An Liu , Zonghan Yang , Zhenhe Zhang , Qingyuan Hu , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

The increasing scale of general-purpose Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) necessitates the study of more efficient adaptation across different downstream tasks. In this paper, we establish a Black-box Discrete Prompt Learning (BDPL) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Shizhe Diao , Zhichao Huang , Ruijia Xu , Xuechun Li , Yong Lin , Xiao Zhou , Tong Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in 6G vehicular networks promises unprecedented advancements in intelligent transportation systems. However, offloading LLM computations from vehicles to edge infrastructure poses significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ikhlasse Badidi , Nouhaila El Khiyaoui , Aya Riany , Badr Ben Elallid , Amine Abouaomar

We consider the problem of searching an input maximizing a black-box objective function given a static dataset of input-output queries. A popular approach to solving this problem is maintaining a proxy model, e.g., a deep neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Sihyun Yu , Sungsoo Ahn , Le Song , Jinwoo Shin

Alignment is a key step in developing Large Language Models (LLMs) using human feedback to ensure adherence to human values and societal norms. Dependence on human feedback raises privacy concerns about how much a labeler's preferences may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Noel Teku , Fengwei Tian , Payel Bhattacharjee , Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi , Ravi Tandon

The privacy concerns associated with the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) have grown recently with the development of LLMs such as ChatGPT. Differential Privacy (DP) techniques are explored in existing work to mitigate their privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Tiejin Chen , Longchao Da , Huixue Zhou , Pingzhi Li , Kaixiong Zhou , Tianlong Chen , Hua Wei

The community explored to build private inference frameworks for transformer-based large language models (LLMs) in a server-client setting, where the server holds the model parameters and the client inputs its private data (or prompt) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xuanqi Liu , Zhuotao Liu

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed as online services, requiring users to transmit detailed prompts to cloud servers. This raises significant privacy concerns. In response, we introduce ConfusionPrompt, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peihua Mai , Youjia Yang , Ran Yan , Rui Ye , Yan Pang

Large pre-trained models, such as large language models (LLMs), present significant resource challenges for fine-tuning due to their extensive parameter sizes, especially for applications in mobile systems. To address this, Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yuzhu Mao , Siqi Ping , Zihao Zhao , Yang Liu , Wenbo Ding

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), significant progress has been achieved in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, existing LLMs still face two major challenges that hinder their broader adoption: (1)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhaofeng Zhong , Wei Yuan , Liang Qu , Tong Chen , Hao Wang , Xiangyu Zhao , Hongzhi Yin

Federated fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is obstructed by a trilemma of challenges: protecting LLMs intellectual property (IP), ensuring client privacy, and mitigating performance loss on heterogeneous data. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tao Fan , Guoqiang Ma , Yuanfeng Song , Lixin Fan , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Efficient adaption of large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is essential for applications requiring continuous and privacy-preserving adaptation and inference. However, existing tuning techniques fall short because of the high…

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a popular topic modeling technique for discovery of hidden semantic architecture of text datasets, and plays a fundamental role in many machine learning applications. However, like many other machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Fangyuan Zhao , Xuebin Ren , Shusen Yang , Xinyu Yang

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly shape the AI landscape, fine-tuning pretrained models has become more popular than in the pre-LLM era for achieving optimal performance in domain-specific tasks. However, pretrained LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Pingzhi Li , Sukwon Yun , Zhenyu Wang , Shahriar Nirjon , Chau-Wai Wong , Tianlong Chen

With the widespread application of large language models (LLMs), user privacy protection has become a significant research topic. Existing privacy preference modeling methods often rely on large-scale user data, making effective privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Haowei Yang , Qingyi Lu , Yang Wang , Sibei Liu , Jiayun Zheng , Ao Xiang

We present an approach for generating differentially private synthetic text using large language models (LLMs), via private prediction. In the private prediction framework, we only require the output synthetic data to satisfy differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Kareem Amin , Alex Bie , Weiwei Kong , Alexey Kurakin , Natalia Ponomareva , Umar Syed , Andreas Terzis , Sergei Vassilvitskii

Prominent Large Language Model (LLM) services from providers like OpenAI and Google excel at general tasks but often underperform on domain-specific applications. Current customization services for these LLMs typically require users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhaomin Wu , Jizhou Guo , Junyi Hou , Bingsheng He , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue