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This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

The ability to reliably distribute entanglement among the nodes of a network is an essential requirement for the development of effective quantum communication protocols and the realization of useful quantum networks. It has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Alessandro Laneve , Hannah McAleese , Mauro Paternostro

We investigate entanglement distribution in pure-state quantum networks. We consider the case when non-maximally entangled two-qubit pure states are shared by neighboring nodes of the network. For a given pair of nodes, we investigate how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 S. Perseguers , J. Wehr , A. Acin , M. Lewenstein , J. I. Cirac

We present a protocol for generating entanglement over long distances in a two-dimensional quantum network based on the surface error-correction code. This protocol requires a fixed number of quantum memories at each node of the network and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-02 Ying Li , Daniel Cavalcanti , Leong Chuan Kwek

We demonstrate entanglement distribution between two remote quantum nodes located 3 meters apart. This distribution involves the asynchronous preparation of two pairs of atomic memories and the coherent mapping of stored atomic states into…

Shared entanglement between spatially separated systems is an essential resource for quantum information processing including long-distance quantum cryptography and teleportation. While purification protocols for mixed distributed entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-30 Jennifer R. Glick , Christoph Adami

Large-scale quantum networks promise to enable secure communication, distributed quantum computing, enhanced sensing and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics through the distribution of entanglement across nodes. Moving beyond current…

We present a quantum repeater protocol for distributing entanglement over long distances, where a dedicated communication stage enables trial rates not limited by the travel time between repeater nodes. To accomplish this, each node…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther , Stefan Kröll , Lars Rippe

It is commonly believed that logical states of quantum error-correcting codes have to be highly entangled such that codes capable of correcting more errors require more entanglement to encode a qubit. Here, we show that the validity of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Sergey Bravyi , Dongjin Lee , Zhi Li , Beni Yoshida

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

The distribution of entanglement between macroscopically separated parties represents a crucial protocol for future quantum information networks. Surprisingly, it has been theoretically shown that two distant systems can be entangled by…

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Quantum entanglement plays an irreplaceable role in various remote quantum information processing tasks. Here we present protocols for generating deterministic and heralded $N$-qubit entangled states across multiple network nodes. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Wen-Qiang Liu , Hai-Rui Wei

Fault-tolerant logical entangling gates are essential for scalable quantum computing, but are limited by the error rates and overheads of physical two-qubit gates and measurements. To address this limitation, we introduce phantom…

The ability to distribute high-quality entanglement between remote parties is a necessary primitive for many quantum communication applications. A large range of schemes for realizing the long-distance delivery of remote entanglement has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Tim Coopmans , Sebastiaan Brand , David Elkouss

A long-distance quantum network for distributing entangled states would support novel information applications, such as unconditionally secure cryptography and distributed quantum computing. Realizing such a network requires hardware that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-18 Cody Jones , Kristiaan De Greve , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Remote entanglement between widely separated qubits is a fundamental quantum phenomenon and a critical resource for quantum information applications. Generating entanglement between independent qubits separated by arbitrary, potentially…

The distribution of entangled states across the nodes of a future quantum internet will unlock fundamentally new technologies. Here we report on the experimental realization of a three-node entanglement-based quantum network. We combine…

We introduce a protocol to distribute entanglement between remote parties. Our protocol is based on a chain of repeater stations, and exploits topological encoding to tolerate very high levels of defects and errors. The repeater stations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Ying Li , Sean D. Barrett , Thomas M. Stace , Simon C. Benjamin

Two pure orthogonal quantum states can be perfectly distinguished by sequential local action of multiple pairs of parties. However, this process typically leads to the complete dissolution of entanglement in the states being discriminated.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Debarupa Saha , Priya Ghosh , Kornikar Sen , Chirag Srivastava , Ujjwal Sen
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