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The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) inference highlights the need for efficient mobile edge computing (MEC) solutions, especially in resource-constrained settings. Speculative decoding offers a promising solution by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jungyeon Koh , Hyun Jong Yang

Distributed tensor decomposition (DTD) is a fundamental data-analytics technique that extracts latent important properties from high-dimensional multi-attribute datasets distributed over edge devices. Conventionally its wireless…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Xu Chen , Erik G. Larsson , Kaibin Huang

With the rapid growth of large language models (LLMs), a wide range of methods have been developed to distribute computation and memory across hardware devices for efficient training and inference. While existing surveys provide descriptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hossam Amer , Rezaul Karim , Ali Pourranjbar , Weiwei Zhang , Walid Ahmed , Boxing Chen

Federated learning (FL) enables mobile devices to collaboratively learn a shared prediction model while keeping data locally. However, there are two major research challenges to practically deploy FL over mobile devices: (i) frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Liang Li , Chenpei Huang , Dian Shi , Hao Wang , Xiangwei Zhou , Minglei Shu , Miao Pan

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Efficient parallelization of Large Language Models (LLMs) with long sequences is essential but challenging due to their significant computational and memory demands, particularly stemming from communication bottlenecks in attention…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zongwu Wang , Fangxin Liu , Mingshuai Li , Li Jiang

Large language model inference is both memory-intensive and time-consuming, often requiring distributed algorithms to efficiently scale. Various model parallelism strategies are used in multi-gpu training and inference to partition…

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

The stringent requirements for low-latency and privacy of the emerging high-stake applications with intelligent devices such as drones and smart vehicles make the cloud computing inapplicable in these scenarios. Instead, edge machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Kai Yang , Tao Jiang , Yuanming Shi , Zhi Ding

In this paper, we consider federated learning (FL) over a noisy fading multiple access channel (MAC), where an edge server aggregates the local models transmitted by multiple end devices through over-the-air computation (AirComp). To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Shuhao Xia , Jingyang Zhu , Yuhan Yang , Yong Zhou , Yuanming Shi , Wei Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into everyday applications, but their prevalent cloud-based deployment raises growing concerns around data privacy and long-term sustainability. Running LLMs locally on mobile and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haoxin Wang , Xiaolong Tu , Hongyu Ke , Huirong Chai , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

Breakthroughs in the generative AI domain have fueled an explosion of large language model (LLM)-powered applications, whose workloads fundamentally consist of sequences of inferences through transformer architectures. Within this rapidly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Burak Topcu , Musa Oguzhan Cim , Poovaiah Palangappa , Meena Arunachalam , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

In this chapter, we will mainly focus on collaborative training across wireless devices. Training a ML model is equivalent to solving an optimization problem, and many distributed optimization algorithms have been developed over the last…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Emre Ozfatura , Deniz Gunduz , H. Vincent Poor

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) is a promising technology converging communication and computation over wireless networks, which can be particularly effective in model training, inference, and more emerging edge intelligence…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Li Qiao , Zhen Gao , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Deniz Gündüz

The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) is heavily dependent on computational resources. While DNNs are often employed on cloud servers, there is a growing need to operate DNNs on edge devices. Edge devices are typically limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 May Malka , Erez Farhan , Hai Morgenstern , Nir Shlezinger

Federated learning (FL) as a promising edge-learning framework can effectively address the latency and privacy issues by featuring distributed learning at the devices and model aggregation in the central server. In order to enable efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chunmei Xu , Shengheng Liu , Zhaohui Yang , Yongming Huang , Kai-Kit Wong

Solving non-convex resource allocation problems poses significant challenges in wireless communication systems, often beyond the capability of traditional optimization techniques. To address this issue, we propose LLM-OptiRA, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xinyue Peng , Yanming Liu , Yihan Cang , Chaoqun Cao , Ming Chen

Federated learning (FL) has been recognized as a promising distributed learning paradigm to support intelligent applications at the wireless edge, where a global model is trained iteratively through the collaboration of the edge devices…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Wei Guo , Chuan Huang , Xiaoqi Qin , Lian Yang , Wei Zhang

Federated inference enhances LLM performance in edge computing through weighted averaging of distributed model predictions. However, autoregressive LLM inference requires frequent full-model forward passes across workers, severely limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Ce Zheng , Xinghan Wang , Jiahong Ning , Yuxuan Shi , Ning Huang , Tingting Yang

Large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought reasoning achieve state-of-the-art performance across complex problem-solving tasks, but their verbose reasoning traces and large context requirements make them impractical for edge…