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Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling (RALM) methods, which condition a language model (LM) on relevant documents from a grounding corpus during generation, were shown to significantly improve language modeling performance. In addition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ori Ram , Yoav Levine , Itay Dalmedigos , Dor Muhlgay , Amnon Shashua , Kevin Leyton-Brown , Yoav Shoham

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Existing works increasingly adopt memory-centric mechanisms to process long contexts in a segment manner, and effective memory management is one of the key capabilities that enables large language models to effectively propagate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zecheng Tang , Baibei Ji , Ruoxi Sun , Haitian Wang , WangJie You , Zhang Yijun , Wenpeng Zhu , Ji Qi , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external, up-to-date information. However, recent advancements in context window size allow LLMs to process inputs of up to 128K tokens or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Seongwoong Shim , Myunsoo Kim , Jae Hyeon Cho , Byung-Jun Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has become a prominent paradigm to enhance the capabilities (i.e.\ long-context) of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Guanzheng Chen , Ziqi Jin , Jung-jae Kim , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee , Lidong Bing

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieval, making them highly effective for knowledge-intensive tasks. A crucial but often under-explored component of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiashuo Sun , Xianrui Zhong , Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

Learning to rank has been intensively studied and widely applied in information retrieval. Typically, a global ranking function is learned from a set of labeled data, which can achieve good performance on average but may be suboptimal for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Qingyao Ai , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , W. Bruce Croft

Recent shifts in the space of large language model (LLM) research have shown an increasing focus on novel architectures to compete with prototypical Transformer-based models that have long dominated this space. Linear recurrent models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xinyu Wang , Linrui Ma , Jerry Huang , Peng Lu , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

In the field of language modeling, models augmented with retrieval components have emerged as a promising solution to address several challenges faced in the natural language processing (NLP) field, including knowledge grounding,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 To Eun Kim , Alireza Salemi , Andrew Drozdov , Fernando Diaz , Hamed Zamani

Semantic relevance judgment for search is particularly challenging in knowledge-intensive scenarios, where accurate ranking requires not only semantic matching but also background grounding, multi-step reasoning, and well-calibrated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hengjun Jiang , Liansheng Sun , Yan Jiang , Xiaojie Ke , Yongjin Wang , Xiangkun Liu , Cunxin Gu , Jian Xu , Guanjun Jiang

In this paper, we propose active recap learning (ARL), a framework for enhancing large language model (LLM) in understanding long contexts. ARL enables models to revisit and summarize earlier content through targeted sequence construction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chenyu Hui

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) face inherent limitations due to their pre-defined context lengths, which impede their capacity for multi-hop reasoning within extensive textual contexts. While existing techniques like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Guoqing Xie , Yanhua Zhang , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

This study presents an Exploratory Retrieval-Augmented Planning (ExRAP) framework, designed to tackle continual instruction following tasks of embodied agents in dynamic, non-stationary environments. The framework enhances Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Minjong Yoo , Jinwoo Jang , Wei-jin Park , Honguk Woo

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

While many advanced LLMs are designed to handle long sequence data, we can still observe notable quality degradation even within the sequence limit. In this work, we introduce a novel approach called Scaling to Emphasize Attention for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Changhun Lee , Minsang Seok , Jun-gyu Jin , Younghyun Cho , Eunhyeok Park

The efficient processing of long context poses a serious challenge for large language models (LLMs). Recently, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising strategy for this problem, as it enables LLMs to make selective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun Luo , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Hongjin Qian , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Neural Language Models (NLM), when trained and evaluated with context spanning multiple utterances, have been shown to consistently outperform both conventional n-gram language models and NLMs that use limited context. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Monica Sunkara , Srikanth Ronanki , Katrin Kirchhoff

Finding the most relevant person for a job proposal in real time is challenging, especially when resumes are long, structured, and multilingual. In this paper, we propose a re-ranking model based on a new generation of late cross-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Warren Jouanneau , Emma Jouffroy , Marc Palyart

Large language models (LLMs) have the remarkable ability to solve new tasks with just a few examples, but they need access to the right tools. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this problem by retrieving a list of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Raviteja Anantha , Tharun Bethi , Danil Vodianik , Srinivas Chappidi