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Concerns about the misuse and misinterpretation of p-values and statistical significance have motivated alternatives for quantifying evidence. We define a generalized form of Jeffreys's approximate objective Bayes factor (eJAB), a one-line…

Confidence intervals are assessed according to two criteria, namely expected length and coverage probability. In an attempt to apply the decision-theoretic method to finding a good confidence interval, a loss function that is a linear…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-18 Paul Kabaila

The following zero-sum game between nature and a statistician blends Bayesian methods with frequentist methods such as p-values and confidence intervals. Nature chooses a posterior distribution consistent with a set of possible priors. At…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-07-19 David R. Bickel

Testing hypotheses is an issue of primary importance in the scientific research, as well as in many other human activities. Much clarification about it can be achieved if the process of learning from data is framed in a stochastic model of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 G. D'Agostini

Testing the equality of two proportions is a common procedure in science, especially in medicine and public health. In these domains it is crucial to be able to quantify evidence for the absence of a treatment effect. Bayesian hypothesis…

We introduce a new class of priors for Bayesian hypothesis testing, which we name "cake priors". These priors circumvent Bartlett's paradox (also called the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox); the problem associated with the use of diffuse priors…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-26 John T. Ormerod , Michael Stewart , Weichang Yu , Sarah E. Romanes

In statistics, there are a variety of methods for performing model selection that all stem from slightly different paradigms of statistical inference. The reasons for choosing one particular method over another seem to be based entirely on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Danica M. Ommen , Christopher P. Saunders

We investigate the relation between frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Namely, we find the "frequentist" Bayes prior \pi_{f}(\lambda,x_{obs}) = -\frac{\int_{-\infty}^{x_{obs}}\frac{\partial f(x,\lambda)}{\partial…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-01-01 S. I. Bitioukov , N. V. Krasnikov

Bayesian and frequentist criteria fundamentally differ, but often posterior and sampling distributions agree asymptotically (e.g., Gaussian with same covariance). For the corresponding single-draw experiment, we characterize the frequentist…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-04 David M. Kaplan , Longhao Zhuo

Despite their importance in supporting experimental conclusions, standard statistical tests are often inadequate for research areas, like the life sciences, where the typical sample size is small and the test assumptions difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-15 Pietro Berkes , Jozsef Fiser

The ratio of Bayesian evidences is a popular tool in cosmology to compare different models. There are however several issues with this method: Bayes' ratio depends on the prior even in the limit of non-informative priors, and Jeffrey's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-16 Luca Amendola , Vrund Patel , Ziad Sakr , Elena Sellentin , Kevin Wolz

The local false discovery rate (lfdr) of Efron et al. (2001) enjoys major conceptual and decision-theoretic advantages over the false discovery rate (FDR) as an error criterion in multiple testing, but is only well-defined in Bayesian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Daniel Xiang , Jake A. Soloff , William Fithian

We consider a novel paradigm for Bayesian testing of hypotheses and Bayesian model comparison. Our alternative to the traditional construction of posterior probabilities that a given hypothesis is true or that the data originates from a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-01 Kaniav Kamary , Kerrie Mengersen , Christian P. Robert , Judith Rousseau

This paper considers the problem of making statistical inferences about a parameter when a narrow interval centred at a given value of the parameter is considered special, which is interpreted as meaning that there is a substantial degree…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Russell J. Bowater , Ludmila E. Guzmán-Pantoja

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Michael Evans , Yang Guo

In 1967, Frederick Lord posed a conundrum that has confused scientists for over half a century. Subsequently named Lord's 'paradox', the puzzle centres on the observation that two different approaches to estimating the effect of an exposure…

Bayesian evidence ratios give a very attractive way of comparing models, and being able to quote the odds on a particular model seems a very clear motivation for making a choice. Jeffreys' scale of evidence is often used in the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-07 Charles Jenkins

This paper explores the intrinsic connections between the Bayesian false discovery rate (FDR) control procedures and their counterpart of frequentist procedures. We attempt to offer a unified view of FDR control within and beyond the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-15 Xiaoquan Wen

Establishing the frequentist properties of Bayesian approaches widens their appeal and offers new understanding. In hypothesis testing, Bayesian model averaging addresses the problem that conclusions are sensitive to variable selection. But…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-12 Helen R. Fryer , Nicolas Arning , Daniel J. Wilson

The replication crisis has prompted many to call for statistical reform within the psychological sciences. Here we examine issues within Frequentist statistics that may have led to the replication crisis, and we examine the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-09 Lincoln J Colling , Denes Szucs