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Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a model, initially trained on training data, to test data with potential distribution shifts. Most existing TTA methods focus on classification problems. The pronounced success of classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Chang'an Yi , Haotian Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yonghui Xu , Yan Zhou , Lizhen Cui

Active learning (AL) seeks to reduce annotation costs by selecting the most informative samples for labeling, making it particularly valuable in resource-constrained settings. However, traditional evaluation methods, which focus solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Julia Machnio , Mads Nielsen , Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi

Several works in computer vision have demonstrated the effectiveness of active learning for adapting the recognition model when new unlabeled data becomes available. Most of these works consider that labels obtained from the annotator are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sudipta Paul , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Deep learning models are the state-of-the-art methods for semantic point cloud segmentation, the success of which relies on the availability of large-scale annotated datasets. However, it can be extremely time-consuming and prohibitively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Xian Shi , Xun Xu , Ke Chen , Lile Cai , Chuan Sheng Foo , Kui Jia

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models are typically trained in a supervised learning framework. In the case of intent classification, the predicted labels are predefined and based on the designed annotation schema while the labelling…

Test-time augmentation -- the aggregation of predictions across transformed examples of test inputs -- is an established technique to improve the performance of image classification models. Importantly, TTA can be used to improve model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Helen Lu , Divya Shanmugam , Harini Suresh , John Guttag

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models to test distributions during the inference phase exclusively employing unlabeled test data streams, which holds great value for the deployment of models in real-world applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shuang Li , Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Tao Yang

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models has attracted increasing attention for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Though prior studies have achieved very promising performance, they involve intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Adilbek Karmanov , Dayan Guan , Shijian Lu , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Eric Xing

In Computed Tomography, machine learning is often used for automated data processing. However, increasing model complexity is accompanied by increasingly large volume datasets, which in turn increases the cost of model training. Unlike most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Yaroslav Zharov , Tilo Baumbach , Vincent Heuveline

Acquisition of labeled training samples for affective computing is usually costly and time-consuming, as affects are intrinsically subjective, subtle and uncertain, and hence multiple human assessors are needed to evaluate each affective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Dongrui Wu , Jian Huang

High-quality data is necessary for modern machine learning. However, the acquisition of such data is difficult due to noisy and ambiguous annotations of humans. The aggregation of such annotations to determine the label of an image leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Claudius Zelenka , Sabine Dippel , Rainer Kiko , Mariusz Oszust , Matti Pastell , Jenny Stracke , Anna Valros , Nina Volkmann , Reinhard Koch

Test-time adaptation (TTA) for large language models (LLMs) updates model parameters at inference time using signals available at deployment. This paper focuses on a common yet under-explored regime: unsupervised, sample-specific TTA, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Longhuan Xu , Cunjian Chen , Feng Yin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minguk Jang , Hye Won Chung

Supervised Deep Learning has been highly successful in recent years, achieving state-of-the-art results in most tasks. However, with the ongoing uptake of such methods in industrial applications, the requirement for large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Francesco Caliva , Mark Swainson , Kjartan Gudmundsson , Georgios Leontidis , Stefanos Kollias

While many active learning papers assume that the learner can simply ask for a label and receive it, real annotation often presents a mismatch between the form of a label (say, one among many classes), and the form of an annotation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Peiyun Hu , Zachary C. Lipton , Anima Anandkumar , Deva Ramanan

Active Learning (AL) is a powerful tool for learning with less labeled data, in particular, for specialized domains, like legal documents, where unlabeled data is abundant, but the annotation requires domain expertise and is thus expensive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Sepideh Mamooler , Rémi Lebret , Stéphane Massonnet , Karl Aberer

Partially annotated clips contain rich temporal contexts that can complement the sparse key frame annotations in providing supervision for model training. We present a novel paradigm called Temporally-Adaptive Features (TAF) learning that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Yongxi Lu , Ziyao Tang , Tara Javidi

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to adjust to distribution shift by learning from unlabeled test-time streams. However, existing methods typically treat these streams as independent samples, overlooking the supervisory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Qiangqiang Wu , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Labeling data for classification requires significant human effort. To reduce labeling cost, instead of labeling every instance, a group of instances (bag) is labeled by a single bag label. Computer algorithms are then used to infer the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-18 Anh T. Pham , Raviv Raich , Xiaoli Z. Fern