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Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and testing data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any testing sample. This task is particularly important for deep models when the test environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shuaicheng Niu , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Shijian Zheng , Peilin Zhao , Mingkui Tan

Existing test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches often adapt models with the unlabeled testing data stream. A recent attempt relaxed the assumption by introducing limited human annotation, referred to as Human-In-the-Loop Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yushu Li , Yongyi Su , Xulei Yang , Kui Jia , Xun Xu

Supervised classification algorithms are used to solve a growing number of real-life problems around the globe. Their performance is strictly connected with the quality of labels used in training. Unfortunately, acquiring good-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Daniel Kałuża , Andrzej Janusz , Dominik Ślęzak

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models during inference using unlabeled test data and has received a lot of research attention due to its potential practical value. Unfortunately, without any label supervision, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Longhui Yuan , Shuang Li , Zhuo He , Binhui Xie

Deep learning techniques depend on large datasets whose annotation is time-consuming. To reduce annotation burden, the self-training (ST) and active-learning (AL) methods have been developed as well as methods that combine them in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Bella Specktor-Fadida , Anna Levchakov , Dana Schonberger , Liat Ben-Sira , Dafna Ben-Bashat , Leo Joskowicz

Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-error and high-quality labels necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antonio Purificato , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Andrea Bacciu , Amin Mantrach , Fabrizio Silvestri

Data is the engine of modern computer vision, which necessitates collecting large-scale datasets. This is expensive, and guaranteeing the quality of the labels is a major challenge. In this paper, we investigate efficient annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yuan-Hong Liao , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Human annotation of training samples is expensive, laborious, and sometimes challenging, especially for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. To reduce the labeling cost and enhance the sample efficiency, Active Learning (AL) technique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuesong Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

One fascinating aspect of pre-trained Audio-Language Models (ALMs) learning is their impressive zero-shot generalization capability and test-time adaptation (TTA) methods aiming to improve domain performance without annotations. However,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Gongyu Chen , Haomin Zhang , Chaofan Ding , Zihao Chen , Xinhan Di

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) enables pre-trained models to adapt to continuously evolving domains. Existing methods have improved robustness but typically rely on fixed or batch-level thresholds, which cannot account for varying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Seunghwan Lee , Inyoung Jung , Hojoon Lee , Eunil Park , Sungeun Hong

State-of-the-art machine learning models require access to significant amount of annotated data in order to achieve the desired level of performance. While unlabelled data can be largely available and even abundant, annotation process can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Rahaf Aljundi , Nikolay Chumerin , Daniel Olmeda Reino

Active Test-Time Adaptation (ATTA) improves model robustness under domain shift by selectively querying human annotations at deployment, but existing methods use heuristic uncertainty measures and suffer from low data selection efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Tingyu Shi , Fan Lyu , Shaoliang Peng

Supervised finetuning (SFT) on instruction datasets has played a crucial role in achieving the remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities observed in modern large language models (LLMs). However, the annotation efforts required to…

In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng

In real-world data labeling applications, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Hui Wen Goh , Jonas Mueller

Domain shift is a common problem in the realistic world, where training data and test data follow different data distributions. To deal with this problem, fully test-time adaptation (TTA) leverages the unlabeled data encountered during test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Guoliang Lin , Hanjiang Lai , Yan Pan , Jian Yin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a viable solution to adapt pre-trained models to domain shifts using unlabeled test data. However, TTA faces challenges of adaptation failures due to its reliance on blind adaptation to unknown test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Continual test-time domain adaptation (CTTA) aims to adjust models so that they can perform well over time across non-stationary environments. While previous methods have made considerable efforts to optimize the adaptation process, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yanshuo Wang , Jinguang Tong , Jun Lan , Weiqiang Wang , Huijia Zhu , Haoxing Chen , Xuesong Li , Jie Hong

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods improve the robustness of deep neural networks to domain shift on a variety of tasks such as image classification or segmentation. This work explores adapting segmentation models to a single unlabelled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Klara Janouskova , Tamir Shor , Chaim Baskin , Jiri Matas
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