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Numerous subgraph-enhanced graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged recently, provably boosting the expressive power of standard (message-passing) GNNs. However, there is a limited understanding of how these approaches relate to each other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Chendi Qian , Gaurav Rattan , Floris Geerts , Christopher Morris , Mathias Niepert

Current graph neural networks (GNNs) lack generalizability with respect to scales (graph sizes, graph diameters, edge weights, etc..) when solving many graph analysis problems. Taking the perspective of synthesizing graph theory programs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Hao Tang , Zhiao Huang , Jiayuan Gu , Bao-Liang Lu , Hao Su

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have shown a strong potential to be integrated into commercial products for network control and management. Early works using GNN have demonstrated an unprecedented capability to learn from different network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Miquel Ferriol-Galmés , José Suárez-Varela , Krzysztof Rusek , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Transformers (GTs) are now a fundamental paradigm for graph learning, combining the representation-learning capabilities of deep models with the sample efficiency induced by their inductive biases.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stefano Carotti , Marco Pacini , Alessio Gravina , Davide Bacciu , Bruno Lepri , Sebastiano Bontorin

Modeling long-range interactions, the propagation of information across distant parts of a graph, is a central challenge in graph machine learning. Graph wavelets, inspired by multi-resolution signal processing, provide a principled way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Filippo Guerranti , Fabrizio Forte , Simon Geisler , Stephan Günnemann

Designing expressive Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is a central topic in learning graph-structured data. While numerous approaches have been proposed to improve GNNs in terms of the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test, generally there is still a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Bohang Zhang , Shengjie Luo , Liwei Wang , Di He

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a powerful tool to perform standard machine learning on graphs. To have a Euclidean representation of every node in the Non-Euclidean graph-like data, GNN follows neighbourhood aggregation and combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Sucheta Dawn , Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from over-smoothing in deep architectures and expressiveness bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) test. We adapt Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (\mhc)~\citep{xie2025mhc}, recently proposed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Subhankar Mishra

Transformers have achieved remarkable success across domains, motivating the rise of Graph Transformers (GTs) as attention-based architectures for graph-structured data. A key design choice in GTs is the use of Graph Neural Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Javier Porras-Valenzuela , Zhiyang Wang , Xiaotao Shang , Yusu Wang , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated superior performance on various graph learning tasks, including recommendation, where they leverage user-item collaborative filtering signals in graphs. However, theoretical formulations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xuheng Cai , Lianghao Xia , Xubin Ren , Chao Huang

Recent advancements in graph learning have revolutionized the way to understand and analyze data with complex structures. Notably, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), i.e. neural network architectures designed for learning graph representations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yu Huang , Min Zhou , Menglin Yang , Zhen Wang , Muhan Zhang , Jie Wang , Hong Xie , Hao Wang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Graph Nerual Networks (GNNs) are effective models in graph embedding. It extracts shallow features and neighborhood information by aggregating neighbor information to learn the embedding representation of different nodes. However, the local…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kejia Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs), as the de-facto model class for representation learning on graphs, are built upon the multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) architecture with additional message passing layers to allow features to flow across nodes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , Jiahua Wang , Junchi Yan

We analyze the performance of graph neural network (GNN) architectures from the perspective of random graph theory. Our approach promises to complement existing lenses on GNN analysis, such as combinatorial expressive power and worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Drake Brown , Trevor Garrity , Kaden Parker , Jason Oliphant , Stone Carson , Cole Hanson , Zachary Boyd

Graphs can model complicated interactions between entities, which naturally emerge in many important applications. These applications can often be cast into standard graph learning tasks, in which a crucial step is to learn low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Xuexin Chen , Ruichu Cai , Yuan Fang , Min Wu , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao

Spatial Message Passing Graph Neural Networks (MPGNNs) are widely used for learning on graph-structured data. However, key limitations of l-step MPGNNs are that their "receptive field" is typically limited to the l-hop neighborhood of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Simon Geisler , Arthur Kosmala , Daniel Herbst , Stephan Günnemann

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) model local relations effectively but struggle to propagate information over long distances. Graph Transformers (GTs) mitigate this via global self-attention, yet their quadratic cost in the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shuo Wang , Ge Cheng , Yun Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved superior performance in various applications, but training dedicated GNNs can be costly for large-scale graphs. Some recent work started to study the pre-training of GNNs. However, none of them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Qi Zhu , Carl Yang , Yidan Xu , Haonan Wang , Chao Zhang , Jiawei Han

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for modelling graph-structured data in numerous applications. However, with their inherently finite aggregation layers, existing GNN models may not be able to effectively capture long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Juncheng Liu , Kenji Kawaguchi , Bryan Hooi , Yiwei Wang , Xiaokui Xiao

Despite significant advances in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), their limited expressivity remains a fundamental challenge. Research on GNN expressivity has produced many expressive architectures, leading to architecture hierarchies with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yam Eitan , Moshe Eliasof , Yoav Gelberg , Fabrizio Frasca , Guy Bar-Shalom , Haggai Maron
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