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Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a common device in quantum phase estimation and the photon losses in it are an important issue for achieving a high phase accuracy. Here we thoroughly discuss the precision limit of the phase in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Xu Yu , Xiang Zhao , Luyi Shen , Yanyan Shao , Jing Liu , Xiaoguang Wang

Achieving the ultimate quantum precision in the estimation of multiple physical parameters simultaneously is a challenge in quantum metrology due to fundamental limitations and experimental challenges in harnessing the necessary quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Atmadev Rai , Danilo Triggiani , Paolo Facchi , Vincenzo Tamma

We study a Mach-Zehnder interferometer fed by a coherent state in one input port and vacuum in the other. We explore a Bayesian phase estimation strategy to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve the standard quantum limit independently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Pezze , A. Smerzi , G. Khoury , J. F. Hodelin , D. Bouwmeester

Recent advances in quantum photonics have enabled increasingly robust protocols in optical phase estimation, achieving precisions beyond the standard quantum limit and approaching the Heisenberg limit. While intrinsic losses hinder the…

The best performance of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is achieved with the input state |N_T/2 + 1>|N_T/2-1 > + |N_T/2 - 1>|N_T/2+1>, being N_T the total number of atoms/photons. This gives: i) a phase-shift error confidence C_{68%}=2.67/N_T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Luca Pezze' , Augusto Smerzi

The canonical Mach-Zehnder interferometer fed with a coherent state and a squeezed-vacuum state of equal intensities is theoretically predicted to achieve Heisenberg scaling in phase sensitivity. However, this ultimate performance is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yi Gu , Song-Ping Wang , Wei Zhong

Quantum metrology has an important role in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing. Here we introduce a kind of non-Gaussian state, Laguerre excitation squeezed state as input of traditional Mach-Zehnder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Zekun Zhao , Huan Zhang , Yibing Huang , Liyun Hu

In this work we investigate the problem of simultaneous estimation of phases using generalised three- and four-mode Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In our setup, we assume that the phases are placed in each of the modes in the interferometer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Marcin Markiewicz , Mahasweta Pandit , Wieslaw Laskowski

We investigate quantum phase estimation in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using q-deformed photon states, including q-coherent and q-cat states, which model realistic deviations from ideal light sources. By deriving closed-form photon count…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Duttatreya , Sanjib Dey

Interferometry is a widely-used technique for precision measurements in both classical and quantum contexts. One way to increase the precision of phase measurements, for example in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), is to use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-07 Stefan Ataman , Anca Preda , Radu Ionicioiu

Quantum metrology is the state-of-the-art measurement technology. It uses quantum resources to enhance the sensitivity of phase estimation beyond what reachable within classical physics. While single parameter estimation theory has been…

Determining the phase in one arm of a quantum interferometer is discussed taking into account the three non-ideal aspects in real experiments: non-deterministic state preparation, non-unitary state evolution due to losses during state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Thomas B. Bahder

The Cram\'er-Rao bound and the quantum Fisher information have been tools used extensively for interferometric phase sensitivity. Most scenarios considering a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two input sources focused on the phase-matched…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 Anca Preda , Stefan Ataman

In this paper we address the problem of optimizing an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer, for a given pure input state and considering a specific detection scheme. While the optimum transmission coefficient of the first beam splitter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Karunesh K. Mishra , Stefan Ataman

We study the sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that contains in addition to the phase shifter a non-linear element. By including both elements in a cavity or a loop that the light transverses many times, a non-linear kicked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Sabrina Müller , Daniel Braun

We propose a multi-parameter quantum metrological protocol based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a squeezed vacuum input state and an anti-squeezing operation at one of its output channels. A simple and intuitive geometrical picture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Dario Gatto , Paolo Facchi , Vincenzo Tamma

The simultaneous two-parameter estimation problem in single squeezed-light Mach-Zehnder interferometer with double-port homodyne detection is investigated in this work. The analytical form of the two-parameter quantum Cramer-Bao bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Li-li Hou , Jian-Dong Zhang , Kai-Min Zheng , Shuai Wang

The Mach--Zehnder interferometer is a powerful device for detecting small phase shifts between two light beams. Simple input states -- such as coherent states or single photons -- can reach the standard quantum limit of phase estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Ondřej Černotík , Iivari Pietikäinen , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin , Radim Filip

We investigate an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high visibility in the quantum Hall regime. The superposition of the electrostatic potentials from a quantum point contact (QPC) and the residual disorder potential from doping…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 L. V. Litvin , A. Helzel , H. -P. Tranitz , W. Wegscheider , C. Strunk

With the rapid development of quantum technologies in recent years, the need for high sensitivity measuring techniques has become a key issue. In particular, optical sensors based on quantum states of light have proven to be optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Laura T. Knoll , Gustavo M. Bosyk
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