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Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on inference-time reasoning algorithms such as chain-of-thought and multi-branch reasoning to improve accuracy on complex tasks. These methods, however, substantially increase token usage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weifan Jiang , Rana Shahout , Yilun Du , Michael Mitzenmacher , Minlan Yu

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), serving LLM inference requests has become an increasingly important task, attracting active research advancements. Practical workloads play an essential role in this process:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuxing Xiang , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Wenyuan Yu , Ennan Zhai , Xin Jin

Recent advances in agentic large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved Text-to-SQL, enabling users without database expertise to query databases intuitively. However, deploying agentic LLM-based Text-to-SQL systems in…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 You Peng , Youhe Jiang , Wenqi Jiang , Chen Wang , Binhang Yuan

Attention efficiency is critical to large language model (LLM) inference. While prior advances optimize attention execution for individual requests (e.g., FlashAttention), production LLM serving relies on batching requests with highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Rui Ning , Wei Zhang , Fan Lai

The context window of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly increasing, leading to a huge variance in resource usage between different requests as well as between different phases of the same request. Restricted by static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bingyang Wu , Shengyu Liu , Yinmin Zhong , Peng Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic workflows combine multi-step reasoning, heterogeneous tool use, and collaboration across multiple specialized agents. Existing LLM serving engines optimize individual calls in isolation, while…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junyi Shen , Noppanat Wadlom , Yao Lu

As machine learning techniques are applied to a widening range of applications, high throughput machine learning (ML) inference servers have become critical for online service applications. Such ML inference servers pose two challenges:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Seungbeom Choi , Sunho Lee , Yeonjae Kim , Jongse Park , Youngjin Kwon , Jaehyuk Huh

Large language models (LLMs) have surged in popularity and are extensively used in commercial applications, where the efficiency of model serving is crucial for the user experience. Most current research focuses on optimizing individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yuhang Yao , Han Jin , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Shanshan Han , Zijian Hu , Yide Ran , Dimitris Stripelis , Zhaozhuo Xu , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into real-world applications, yet their autoregressive architectures introduce significant inference time variability, especially when deployed across heterogeneous edge-cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Panlong Wu , Yifei Zhong , Danyang Chen , Ting Wang , Fangxin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in emerging agentic applications, where the timely completion of each entire inference is critical. Meanwhile, agentic LLM inferences are increasingly served on heterogeneous GPUs in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boxiao Du , Boning Huangfu , Yizhou Luo , Chen Chen , Zijun Li , Minchen Yu , Xiaoyi Fan , Minyi Guo

The computational challenges of Large Language Model (LLM) inference remain a significant barrier to their widespread deployment, especially as prompt lengths continue to increase. Due to the quadratic complexity of the attention…

Multimodal large language model (MLLM) inference splits into two phases with opposing hardware demands: vision encoding is compute-bound, while language generation is memory-bandwidth-bound. We show that under standard transformer KV…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Donglin Yu

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used but expensive to run, especially as inference workloads grow. To lower costs, maximizing the request batch size by managing GPU memory efficiently is crucial. While PagedAttention has recently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Chen Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shu Liu , Woosuk Kwon , Xiangxi Mo , Yufeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kaichao You , Zhuohan Li , Mingsheng Long , Jidong Zhai , Joseph Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

A Retrieval-Augmented Language Model (RALM) combines a large language model (LLM) with a vector database to retrieve context-specific knowledge during text generation. This strategy facilitates impressive generation quality even with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Wenqi Jiang , Marco Zeller , Roger Waleffe , Torsten Hoefler , Gustavo Alonso

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

High-throughput inference serving is essential for applications built on large language models (LLMs). Existing serving frameworks reduce request-level and batch-level bubbles through batching and scheduling, but often overlook bubbles…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Fengyao Bai , Hongbin Zhang , Zhitao Chen , Jiangsu Du , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

Multi-agent systems have extended the capability of agentic AI. Instead of single inference passes, multiple agents perform collective reasoning to derive high quality answers. However, existing multi-agent orchestration relies on static…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Chaoyi Ruan , Yiliang Wang , Ziji Shi , Jialin Li