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An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

Code-switching is a pervasive phenomenon in multilingual communication, yet the robustness of large language models (LLMs) in mixed-language settings remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of…

In this paper, we present the first large-scale study exploring whether JavaScript code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) can reveal which model produced it, enabling reliable authorship attribution and model fingerprinting. With…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Norbert Tihanyi , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Tamás Bisztray

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for automated code generation. However, these models often overlook critical security practices, which can result in the generation of insecure code that contains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hao Yan , Swapneel Suhas Vaidya , Xiaokuan Zhang , Ziyu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to support software development tasks, e.g., through code completion or code generation. However, their effectiveness drops significantly when considering less popular programming languages such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-06 David Delgado , Lola Burgueño , Robert Clarisó

The code generation capabilities of large language models(LLMs) have emerged as a critical dimension in evaluating their overall performance. However, prior research has largely overlooked the security risks inherent in the generated code.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xinghang Li , Jingzhe Ding , Chao Peng , Bing Zhao , Xiang Gao , Hongwan Gao , Xinchen Gu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming software development, the functional quality of generated code has become a central focus, leaving readability, one of critical non-functional attributes, understudied. Given that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hengzhi Ye , Fengyuan Ran , Weiwei Xu , Minghui Zhou

The powerful ability to understand, follow, and generate complex language emerging from large language models (LLMs) makes LLM-generated text flood many areas of our daily lives at an incredible speed and is widely accepted by humans. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Yulin Yuan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Large language models (LLMs) have become integral to modern software development, producing vast amounts of AI-generated source code. While these models boost programming productivity, their misuse introduces critical risks, including code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hanxi Guo , Siyuan Cheng , Kaiyuan Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Xiangyu Zhang

Code generation aims to synthesize code and fulfill functional requirements based on natural language (NL) specifications, which can greatly improve development efficiency. In the era of large language models (LLMs), large code models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Chaozheng Wang , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Wenxuan Wang , Ting Peng , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng , Shuai Wang , Michael R. Lyu

Code generation agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the software development paradigm. Distinct from previous code generation techniques, code generation agents are characterized by three core features. 1)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yihong Dong , Xue Jiang , Jiaru Qian , Tian Wang , Kechi Zhang , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

The usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software and test development has continued to increase since LLMs were first introduced, but only recently have the expectations of LLMs become more realistic. Verifying the correctness of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zachariah Sollenberger , Rahul Patel , Saieda Ali Zada , Sunita Chandrasekaran

With the increasing popularity of LLM-based code completers, like GitHub Copilot, the interest in automatically detecting AI-generated code is also increasing-in particular in contexts where the use of LLMs to program is forbidden by policy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Andrea Gurioli , Maurizio Gabbrielli , Stefano Zacchiroli

The increasing capability of large language models (LLMs) to generate fluent long-form texts is presenting new challenges in distinguishing machine-generated outputs from human-written ones, which is crucial for ensuring authenticity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yufei Tian , Zeyu Pan , Nanyun Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in code generation. However, how to reliably evaluate code generated by LLMs remains an unresolved problem. This paper presents CodeJudge, a code evaluation framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Weixi Tong , Tianyi Zhang

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the domain of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable capabilities of generating human-like text responses. However, despite these advancements, several works in the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Jonas Geiping , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

General large language models (LLMs), represented by ChatGPT, have demonstrated significant potential in tasks such as code generation in software engineering. This has led to the development of specialized LLMs for software engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zibin Zheng , Kaiwen Ning , Yanlin Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Dewu Zheng , Mingxi Ye , Jiachi Chen