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Due to the widespread adoption of the smart mobile devices, QR codes have become one of the most-known types of 2D codes around the world. However, the data capacity properties of modern QR codes are still not perfect. To address this…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Alexey Tikhonov

Quick response codes - 2D patterns that can be scanned to access online resources - are being used in a variety of industrial and consumer applications. However, it is problematic to use multiple QR codes in close proximity: scans can fail…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-10-29 Mercan Topkara , Thomas Erickson , Umut Topkara , Chandrasekhar Narayanaswami

In this paper the author present a new technique of using QR Codes (commonly known as 'Quick Respond Codes') in the field of Cryptography. QR Codes are mainly used to convey or store messages because they have higher or large storage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-23 Somdip Dey

Globally, individuals and organizations employ Quick Response (QR) codes for swift and convenient communication. Leveraging this, cybercriminals embed falsify and misleading information in QR codes to launch various phishing attacks which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhammad Wahid Akram , Keshav Sood , Muneeb Ul Hassan

The rise of QR code-based phishing ("Quishing") poses a growing cybersecurity threat, as attackers increasingly exploit QR codes to bypass traditional phishing defenses. Existing detection methods predominantly focus on URL analysis, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Quick Response (QR) code is one of the most worldwide used two-dimensional codes.~Traditional QR codes appear as random collections of black-and-white modules that lack visual semantics and aesthetic elements, which inspires the recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Hao Su , Jianwei Niu , Xuefeng Liu , Qingfeng Li , Ji Wan , Mingliang Xu , Tao Ren

The widespread use of mobile electronic devices increases the complexities of mobile security. This paper aims to provide a secure communication environment for smartphone users. Some research proves that the one-time pad is one of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Yu Qin , Wanjiaman Li

QR codes have become ubiquitous in daily life, enabling rapid information exchange. With the increasing adoption of smart wearable devices, there is a need for efficient, and friction-less QR code reading capabilities from Egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mohsen Moslehpour , Yichao Lu , Pierce Chuang , Ashish Shenoy , Debojeet Chatterjee , Abhay Harpale , Srihari Jayakumar , Vikas Bhardwaj , Seonghyeon Nam , Anuj Kumar

The usage of quick response (QR) codes was limited in the pre-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the widespread and frequent application since then, this opened up an attractive phishing opportunity for malicious actors. They trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Marvin Geisler , Daniela Pöhn

Digital signs(such as barcode or QR code) are widely used in our daily life, and for many applications, we need to localize them on images. However, difficult cases such as targets with small scales, half-occlusion, shape deformation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Qijie Zhao , Feng Ni , Yang Song , Yongtao Wang , Zhi Tang

The use of color in QR codes brings extra data capacity, but also inflicts tremendous challenges on the decoding process due to chromatic distortion, cross-channel color interference and illumination variation. Particularly, we further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Zhibo Yang , Huanle Xu , Jianyuan Deng , Chen Change Loy , Wing Cheong Lau

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique enabling provable secure communication but faces challenges in device characterization, posing potential security risks. Device-Independent (DI) QKD protocols overcome this issue by making…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Michele Masini , Shubhayan Sarkar

This paper concerns the problem of detecting the use of information hiding at anti-copying 2D barcodes. Prior hidden information detection schemes are either heuristicbased or Machine Learning (ML) based. The key limitation of prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Ning Xie , Ji Hu , Junjie Chen , Qiqi Zhang , Changsheng Chen

An efficient decoding algorithm named `divided decoder' is proposed in this paper. Divided decoding can be combined with any decoder using QR-decomposition and offers different pairs of performance and complexity. Divided decoding provides…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-23 In Sook Park

Barcodes like QR Codes have made that encoded messages have entered our everyday life, what suggests to attach them a second layer of information: directly available to human receiver for informational or marketing purposes. We will discuss…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-04 Jarek Duda

Accurate image segmentation plays a crucial role in medical image analysis, yet it faces great challenges of various shapes, diverse sizes, and blurry boundaries. To address these difficulties, square kernel-based encoder-decoder…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-02 Qian Yu , Lei Qi , Luping Zhou , Lei Wang , Yilong Yin , Yinghuan Shi , Wuzhang Wang , Yang Gao

With the continued proliferation of smart mobile devices, Quick Response (QR) code has become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional code in the world. Aiming at beautifying the visual-unpleasant appearance of QR codes, existing…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Mingliang Xu , Hao Su , Yafei Li , Xi Li , Jing Liao , Jianwei Niu , Pei Lv , Bing Zhou

So far all the proven unconditionally secure prepare and measure protocols for the quantum key distribution(QKD) must solve the very complex problem of decoding the classical CSS code. In the decoding stage, Bob has to compare his string…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wang Xiang-bin

QR codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Mingliang Xu , Qingfeng Li , Jianwei Niu , Xiting Liu , Weiwei Xu , Pei Lv , Bing Zhou

The strongly correlated systems we use to realise quantum error-correcting codes may give rise to high-weight, problematic errors. Encouragingly, we can expect local quantum error-correcting codes with no string-like logical operators $-$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Georgia M. Nixon , Benjamin J. Brown
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