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Unlabeled data learning has attracted considerable attention recently. However, it is still elusive to extract the expected high-level semantic feature with mere unsupervised learning. In the meantime, semi-supervised learning (SSL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Tao Han , Junyu Gao , Yuan Yuan , Qi Wang

In recent years, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has gained significant attention due to its ability to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data to improve model performance, especially when labeled data is scarce. However, most current SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Marzi Heidari , Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Federated Learning (FL) holds great potential for diverse applications owing to its privacy-preserving nature. However, its convergence is often challenged by non-IID data distributions, limiting its effectiveness in real-world deployments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Zhai , Yifeng Gao , Difan Zou , Guangnan Ye , Siheng Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed training with private client data, but its convergence is hindered by system heterogeneity under realistic communication scenarios. Most FL schemes addressing system heterogeneity utilize global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Keumseo Ryum , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. However, pseudo-labeling-based semi-supervised approaches suffer from two problems in image classification: (1) Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xuerong Zhang , Li Huang , Jing Lv , Ming Yang

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation learns a model for classifying pixels into specific classes using a few labeled samples and numerous unlabeled images. The recent leading approach is consistency regularization by selftraining with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Jingi Ju , Hyeoncheol Noh , Yooseung Wang , Minseok Seo , Dong-Geol Choi

Developing accurate and generalizable epileptic seizure prediction models from electroencephalography (EEG) data across multiple clinical sites is hindered by patient privacy regulations and significant data heterogeneity (non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Cem Ata Baykara , Saurav Raj Pandey , Ali Burak Ünal , Harlin Lee , Mete Akgün

Synchronous federated learning (FL) is a popular paradigm for collaborative edge learning. It typically involves a set of heterogeneous devices locally training neural network (NN) models in parallel with periodic centralized aggregations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Natalie Lang , Alejandro Cohen , Nir Shlezinger

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has received extensive attention in the domain of computer vision, leading to development of promising approaches such as FixMatch. In scenarios where training data is decentralized and resides on client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Jessica Zhao , Sayan Ghosh , Akash Bharadwaj , Chih-Yao Ma

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) has proven to be a promising way for leveraging unlabeled data when labeled data is scarce, the existing SSL algorithms typically assume that training class distributions are balanced. However, these SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Jaehyung Kim , Youngbum Hur , Sejun Park , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang , Jinwoo Shin

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages abundant unlabeled data alongside limited labeled data to enhance learning. As vision foundation models (VFMs) increasingly serve as the backbone of vision applications, it remains unclear how SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ping Zhang , Zheda Mai , Quang-Huy Nguyen , Wei-Lun Chao

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has long been proved to be an effective technique to construct powerful models with limited labels. In the existing literature, consistency regularization-based methods, which force the perturbed samples to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Xihong Yang , Xiaochang Hu , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , En Zhu

The premise of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is that combining labeled and unlabeled data yields significantly more accurate models. Despite empirical successes, the theoretical understanding of SSL is still far from complete. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-06 Eyar Azar , Boaz Nadler

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) has yielded promising results, the more realistic SSL scenario remains to be explored, in which the unlabeled data exhibits extremely high recognition difficulty, e.g., fine-grained visual classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yue Duan , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Luping Zhou , Lei Wang , Yinghuan Shi

Motivated by high resource costs of centralized machine learning schemes as well as data privacy concerns, federated learning (FL) emerged as an efficient alternative that relies on aggregating locally trained models rather than collecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yiyue Chen , Haris Vikalo , Chianing Wang

Conventional federated learning (FL) heavily depends on high-quality labels, which are often impractical in the real world, leading to the federated label-noise (F-LN) problem. Worse still, the F-LN problem is exacerbated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuxin Tian , Mouxing Yang , Yuhao Zhou , Jian Wang , Qing Ye , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Jiancheng Lv

Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized training while preserving data privacy, yet existing FL benchmarks address relatively simple classification tasks, where each sample is annotated with a one-hot label. However, little attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 SeungBum Ha , Taehwan Lee , Jiyoun Lim , Sung Whan Yoon

Federated learning (FL) has been introduced to the healthcare domain as a decentralized learning paradigm that allows multiple parties to train a model collaboratively without privacy leakage. However, most previous studies have assumed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Zhipeng Deng , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

Federated learning (FL) is one of the popular distributed machine learning (ML) solutions but incurs significant communication and computation costs at edge devices. Federated split learning (FSL) can train sub-models in parallel and reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen

Federated Learning (FL) aims to train high-quality models in collaboration with distributed clients while not uploading their local data, which attracts increasing attention in both academia and industry. However, there is still a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Yuexiang Xie , Xuchen Pan , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou