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Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an open-set recognition task, which is usually formulated as a one-class classification (OCC) problem, where training data is comprised of videos with normal instances while test data contains both normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ayush K. Rai , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alexandru Drimbarean , Kevin McGuinness , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) finds widespread applications in security surveillance, traffic monitoring, industrial monitoring, and healthcare. Despite extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of concise reviews that provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Liyun Zhu , Lei Wang , Arjun Raj , Tom Gedeon , Chen Chen

Open Vocabulary Video Anomaly Detection (OVVAD) seeks to detect and classify both base and novel anomalies. However, existing methods face two specific challenges related to novel anomalies. The first challenge is detection ambiguity, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Fei Li , Wenxuan Liu , Jingjing Chen , Ruixu Zhang , Yuran Wang , Xian Zhong , Zheng Wang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) holds immense importance across diverse domains such as surveillance, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. While numerous surveys focus on conventional VAD methods, they often lack depth in exploring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Moshira Abdalla , Sajid Javed , Muaz Al Radi , Anwaar Ulhaq , Naoufel Werghi

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has been paid increasing attention due to its potential applications, its current dominant tasks focus on online detecting anomalies% at the frame level, which can be roughly interpreted as the binary or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Peng Wu , Jing Liu , Xiangteng He , Yuxin Peng , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to automatically analyze spatiotemporal patterns in surveillance videos collected from open spaces to detect anomalous events that may cause harm, such as fighting, stealing, and car accidents. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yang Liu , Siao Liu , Xiaoguang Zhu , Jielin Li , Hao Yang , Liangyu Teng , Juncen Guo , Yan Wang , Dingkang Yang , Jing Liu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) plays a crucial role in modern surveillance systems, aiming to identify various anomalies in real-world situations. However, current benchmark datasets predominantly emphasize simple, single-frame anomalies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yoav Arad , Michael Werman

Weakly-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection aims to identify anomalous events using only video-level labels, balancing annotation efficiency with practical applicability. However, existing methods often oversimplify the anomaly space by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Junhee Lee , ChaeBeen Bang , MyoungChul Kim , MyeongAh Cho

The reliability of a machine vision system for autonomous driving depends heavily on its training data distribution. When a vehicle encounters significantly different conditions, such as atypical obstacles, its perceptual capabilities can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Fabrizio Genilotti , Arianna Stropeni , Gionata Grotto , Francesco Borsatti , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Open-world video anomaly detection (OWVAD) aims to detect and explain abnormal events under different anomaly definitions, which is important for applications such as intelligent surveillance and live-streaming content moderation. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Wenna Li , Jianqin Wu , Linlin Yang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has emerged as a pivotal task in computer vision, with broad relevance across multiple fields. Recent advances in deep learning have driven significant progress in this area, yet the field remains fragmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) endeavors to pinpoint deviations from the concept of normality in visual data, widely applied across diverse domains, e.g., industrial defect inspection, and medical lesion detection. This survey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yunkang Cao , Xiaohao Xu , Jiangning Zhang , Yuqi Cheng , Xiaonan Huang , Guansong Pang , Weiming Shen

Video anomaly detection (VAD) mainly refers to identifying anomalous events that have not occurred in the training set where only normal samples are available. Existing works usually formulate VAD as a reconstruction or prediction problem.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Yue Lu , Congqi Cao , Yanning Zhang

Semi-supervised video anomaly detection (VAD) methods formulate the task of anomaly detection as detection of deviations from the learned normal patterns. Previous works in the field (reconstruction or prediction-based methods) suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Mohammad Baradaran , Robert Bergevin

Most models for weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) rely on multiple instance learning, aiming to distinguish normal and abnormal snippets without specifying the type of anomaly. However, the ambiguous nature of anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Chenchen Tao , Xiaohao Peng , Chong Wang , Jiafei Wu , Puning Zhao , Jun Wang , Jiangbo Qian

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify and ground anomalous behaviors or events in videos, serving as a core technology in the fields of intelligent surveillance and public safety. With the advancement of deep learning, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shibo Gao , Peipei Yang , Haiyang Guo , Yangyang Liu , Yi Chen , Shuai Li , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Linlin Huang

Event-based vision, characterized by low redundancy, focus on dynamic motion, and inherent privacy-preserving properties, naturally fits the demands of video anomaly detection (VAD). However, the absence of dedicated event-stream anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Peng Wu , Yuting Yan , Guansong Pang , Yujia Sun , Qingsen Yan , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) in autonomous driving scenario is an important task, however it involves several challenges due to the ego-centric views and moving camera. Due to this, it remains largely under-explored. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Utkarsh Tiwari , Snehashis Majhi , Michal Balazia , François Brémond

The collection and detection of video anomaly data has long been a challenging problem due to its rare occurrence and spatio-temporal scarcity. Existing video anomaly detection (VAD) methods under perform in open-world scenarios. Key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zunkai Dai , Ke Li , Jiajia Liu , Jie Yang , Yuanyuan Qiao

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is crucial for applications such as security surveillance and autonomous driving. However, existing VAD methods provide little rationale behind detection, hindering public trust in real-world deployments. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Yinzhi Cao , Shao-Yuan Lo