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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advancements in tasks like Visual Question Answering (VQA) by leveraging foundational Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their abilities in specific areas such as visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mohamed Fazli Imam , Chenyang Lyu , Alham Fikri Aji

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown significant promise for 3D scene understanding. Existing VLM-based approaches typically align 3D scene features with the VLM's embedding space. However, this implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chen Li , Eric Peh , Basura Fernando

Evaluating the performance of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), integrating both point cloud and language, presents significant challenges. The lack of a comprehensive assessment hampers determining whether these models truly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Junjie Zhang , Tianci Hu , Xiaoshui Huang , Yongshun Gong , Dan Zeng

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited remarkable general intelligence across diverse domains, their potential in low-altitude applications dominated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) remains largely underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shiqi Dai , Zizhi Ma , Zhicong Luo , Xuesong Yang , Yibin Huang , Wanyue Zhang , Chi Chen , Zonghao Guo , Wang Xu , Yufei Sun , Maosong Sun

The capability to process multiple images is crucial for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to develop a more thorough and nuanced understanding of a scene. Recent multi-image LVLMs have begun to address this need. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Fanqing Meng , Jin Wang , Chuanhao Li , Quanfeng Lu , Hao Tian , Jiaqi Liao , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo , Kaipeng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

The Multi-Modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to an extension of the Large Language Model (LLM) equipped with the capability to receive and infer multi-modal data. Spatial awareness stands as one of the crucial abilities of MLLM,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Zhi Jin , Feng Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Chengfeng Dou , Zhengwei Tao , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, Gemini, LLaVA, and Flamingo, have made significant progress in integrating visual and textual modalities, excelling in tasks like visual question answering (VQA), image captioning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Junxiao Xue , Quan Deng , Fei Yu , Yanhao Wang , Jun Wang , Yuehua Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) deployed on devices must adapt to continuously changing visual scenarios such as variations in background and perspective, to effectively perform complex visual tasks. To investigate catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Kai Jiang , Siqi Huang , Xiangyu Chen , Jiawei Shao , Hongyuan Zhang , Ping Luo , Xuelong Li

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

Large language models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been proven to excel at multiple tasks, such as commonsense reasoning. Powerful as these models can be, they are not grounded in the 3D physical world, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yining Hong , Haoyu Zhen , Peihao Chen , Shuhong Zheng , Yilun Du , Zhenfang Chen , Chuang Gan

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show significant promise for end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging the common sense embedded in language models, their reliance on 2D image cues for complex scene understanding and decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weijie Wei , Zhipeng Luo , Ling Feng , Venice Erin Liong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive 2D image/video understanding capabilities. However, there are no publicly standardized benchmarks to assess the abilities of MLLMs in understanding the 4D objects (3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Wenxuan Zhu , Bing Li , Cheng Zheng , Jinjie Mai , Jun Chen , Letian Jiang , Abdullah Hamdi , Sara Rojas Martinez , Chia-Wen Lin , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Bernard Ghanem

Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have attracted interest in their generalization capability with only a few samples in the prompt. This progress is particularly relevant to the medical domain, where the quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Seonhee Cho , Choonghan Kim , Jiho Lee , Chetan Chilkunda , Sujin Choi , Joo Heung Yoon

The explosive growth of videos on streaming media platforms has underscored the urgent need for effective video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms to monitor and perceptually optimize the quality of streaming videos. However, VQA remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Qihang Ge , Wei Sun , Yu Zhang , Yunhao Li , Zhongpeng Ji , Fengyu Sun , Shangling Jui , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Despite encouraging progress in 3D scene understanding, it remains challenging to develop an effective Large Multi-modal Model (LMM) that is capable of understanding and reasoning in complex 3D environments. Most previous methods typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hanxun Yu , Wentong Li , Song Wang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Evaluating and Rethinking the current landscape of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), we observe that widely-used visual-language projection approaches (e.g., Q-former or MLP) focus on the alignment of image-text descriptions yet ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Min Zhang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Spatial reasoning and visual grounding are core capabilities for vision-language models (VLMs), yet most medical VLMs produce predictions without transparent reasoning or spatial evidence. Existing benchmarks also evaluate VLMs on isolated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lama Moukheiber , Caleb M. Yeung , Haotian Xue , Alec Helbling , Zelin Zhao , Yongxin Chen

Recent advancements in autonomous driving, augmented reality, robotics, and embodied intelligence have necessitated 3D perception algorithms. However, current 3D perception methods, especially specialized small models, exhibit poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Fan Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Yanhao Zhang , Hui Chen , Haonan Lu , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) operating in the complex physical world. Existing benchmarks, however, probe only single-image relations and thus fail to assess the multi-image spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Yang , Runsen Xu , Yiman Xie , Sizhe Yang , Mo Li , Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Xiaochen Chen , Haodong Duan , Xiangyu Yue , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang