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Semantic interpretability in Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables transparency and verifiability of decision-making. Achieving semantic interpretability in reinforcement learning requires (1) a feature space composed of human-understandable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhaoxin Li , Zhang Xi-Jia , Batuhan Altundas , Letian Chen , Rohan Paleja , Matthew Gombolay

Supervised learning relies on high-quality labeled data, but obtaining such data through human annotation is both expensive and time-consuming. Recent work explores using large language models (LLMs) for annotation, but LLM-generated labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Feng Chen , Qiuzheng Chen , Jiawen Li , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Li , Zhenbang Sun , Junbin Gao

The creation of high-quality human-labeled image-caption datasets presents a significant bottleneck in the development of Visual-Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we investigate an approach that leverages the strengths of Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Sahand Sharifzadeh , Christos Kaplanis , Shreya Pathak , Dharshan Kumaran , Anastasija Ilic , Jovana Mitrovic , Charles Blundell , Andrea Banino

Qualitative coding is a demanding yet crucial research method in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). While recent studies have shown the capability of large language models (LLMs) to perform qualitative coding within theoretical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Han Meng , Yitian Yang , Wayne Fu , Jungup Lee , Yunan Li , Yi-Chieh Lee

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

Research in Image Generation has recently made significant progress, particularly boosted by the introduction of Vision-Language models which are able to produce high-quality visual content based on textual inputs. Despite ongoing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Federico Betti , Jacopo Staiano , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara , Nicu Sebe

The powerful generalization of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by their heavy reliance on massive, redundant, and unevenly valued datasets, hindering their widespread application. Existing model-centric optimization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kewei Chen , Yayu Long , Shuai Li , Mingsheng Shang

Compositional Reasoning (CR) entails grasping the significance of attributes, relations, and word order. Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs), comprising a visual encoder and a Large Language Model (LLM) decoder, have demonstrated…

Accurately predicting human behaviors is crucial for mobile robots operating in human-populated environments. While prior research primarily focuses on predicting actions in single-human scenarios from an egocentric view, several robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Utsav Panchal , Yuchen Liu , Luigi Palmieri , Ilche Georgievski , Marco Aiello

Vision-and-language models (VLMs) have been increasingly explored in the medical domain, particularly following the success of CLIP in general domain. However, unlike the relatively straightforward pairing of 2D images and text, curating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ziyang Zhang , Yang Yu , Xulei Yang , Si Yong Yeo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their knowledge and generative capabilities, leading to a surge of interest in leveraging LLMs for high-quality data synthesis. However, synthetic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Ying Zhou , Xinyao Wang , Yulei Niu , Yaojie Shen , Lexin Tang , Fan Chen , Ben He , Le Sun , Longyin Wen

Contemporary large-scale visual language models (VLMs) exhibit strong representation capacities, making them ubiquitous for enhancing image and text understanding tasks. They are often trained in a contrastive manner on a large and diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ugur Sahin , Hang Li , Qadeer Khan , Daniel Cremers , Volker Tresp

The recent rise of reasoning-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs)--which generate chains of thought (CoTs) before giving the final answer--has attracted significant attention and offers new opportunities for gaining insights into human label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Beiduo Chen , Yang Janet Liu , Anna Korhonen , Barbara Plank

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced rapidly in recent years. However, existing approaches for vision tasks often rely on indirect representations, such as generating coordinates as text for detection, which limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yongyi Su , Haojie Zhang , Shijie Li , Nanqing Liu , Jingyi Liao , Junyi Pan , Yuan Liu , Xiaofen Xing , Chong Sun , Chen Li , Nancy F. Chen , Shuicheng Yan , Xulei Yang , Xun Xu

We introduce the Visual Personalization Turing Test (VPTT), a new paradigm for evaluating contextual visual personalization based on perceptual indistinguishability, rather than identity replication. A model passes the VPTT if its output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Rameen Abdal , James Burgess , Sergey Tulyakov , Kuan-Chieh Jackson Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of vision applications of increasing complexity and scales, yet choosing the right VLM model size involves a trade-off between response quality and cost. While…

In this paper, we present Language Model as Visual Explainer LVX, a systematic approach for interpreting the internal workings of vision models using a tree-structured linguistic explanation, without the need for model training. Central to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Human subject studies that map-like visualizations are as good or better than standard node-link representations of graphs, in terms of task performance, memorization and recall of the underlying data, and engagement [SSKB14, SSKB15]. With…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Felice De Luca , Iqbal Hossain , Kathryn Gray , Stephen Kobourov , Katy Börner

Autonomous agents often face the challenge of interpreting uncertain natural language instructions for planning tasks. Representing these instructions as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) enables planners to synthesize actionable plans. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kumar Manas , Stefan Zwicklbauer , Adrian Paschke

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have been successful at many chart comprehension tasks that require attending to both the images of charts and their accompanying textual descriptions. However, it is not well established how VLM performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Grace Guo , Jenna Jiayi Kang , Raj Sanjay Shah , Hanspeter Pfister , Sashank Varma