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Most black-box adversarial attack schemes for object detectors mainly face two shortcomings: requiring access to the target model and generating inefficient adversarial examples (failing to make objects disappear in large numbers). To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Hui Xia , Rui Zhang , Zi Kang , Shuliang Jiang

Influence estimation tools -- such as memorization scores -- are widely used to understand model behavior, attribute training data, and inform dataset curation. However, recent applications in data valuation and responsible machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tue Do , Varun Chandrasekaran , Daniel Alabi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks but have shown extreme vulnerabilities to attacks generated by adversarial examples. Many works go with a white-box attack that assumes total access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Phoenix Williams , Ke Li

Adversarial examples are well-known tools to evaluate the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs). Although lots of adversarial attack algorithms have been developed, it's still challenging in the practical scenario that the model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Meixi Zheng , Xuanchen Yan , Zihao Zhu , Hongrui Chen , Baoyuan Wu

We study the problem of generating adversarial examples in a black-box setting, where we only have access to a zeroth order oracle, providing us with loss function evaluations. Although this setting has been investigated in previous work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Anit Kumar Sahu , Satya Narayan Shukla , J. Zico Kolter

We present MS-GAGA (Metric-Selective Guided Adversarial Generation Attack), a two-stage framework for crafting transferable and visually imperceptible adversarial examples against deepfake detectors in black-box settings. In Stage 1, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Dion J. X. Ho , Gabriel Lee Jun Rong , Niharika Shrivastava , Harshavardhan Abichandani , Pai Chet Ng , Xiaoxiao Miao

While modern day web applications aim to create impact at the civilization level, they have become vulnerable to adversarial activity, where the next cyber-attack can take any shape and can originate from anywhere. The increasing scale and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-28 Tegjyot Singh Sethi , Mehmed Kantardzic

Widely used deep learning models are found to have poor robustness. Little noises can fool state-of-the-art models into making incorrect predictions. While there is a great deal of high-performance attack generation methods, most of them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Xinyi Wang , Simon Yusuf Enoch , Dong Seong Kim

Applications of machine learning (ML) models and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been rapidly increased. Although state-of-the-art CNNs provide high accuracy in many applications, recent investigations show that such networks are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Hadi Zanddizari , Behnam Zeinali , J. Morris Chang

Constructing adversarial examples in a black-box threat model injures the original images by introducing visual distortion. In this paper, we propose a novel black-box attack approach that can directly minimize the induced distortion by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Nannan Li , Zhenzhong Chen

Transfer-based adversarial example is one of the most important classes of black-box attacks. However, there is a trade-off between transferability and imperceptibility of the adversarial perturbation. Prior work in this direction often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Fangcheng Liu , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

We focus on the problem of black-box adversarial attacks, where the aim is to generate adversarial examples using information limited to loss function evaluations of input-output pairs. We use Bayesian optimization~(BO) to specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Satya Narayan Shukla , Anit Kumar Sahu , Devin Willmott , J. Zico Kolter

In this work we propose Energy Attack, a transfer-based black-box $L_\infty$-adversarial attack. The attack is parameter-free and does not require gradient approximation. In particular, we first obtain white-box adversarial perturbations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Ruoxi Shi , Borui Yang , Yangzhou Jiang , Chenglong Zhao , Bingbing Ni

With the rise of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), a variety of digital watermarking techniques, embedding either 1D bitstreams or 2D images, are used for copyright protection. However, the robustness of these watermarking techniques against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qingyuan Zeng , Shu Jiang , Jiajing Lin , Zhenzhong Wang , Kay Chen Tan , Min Jiang

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, malicious inputs crafted to fool trained models. Adversarial examples often exhibit black-box transfer, meaning that adversarial examples for one model can fool another model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Qian Huang , Isay Katsman , Horace He , Zeqi Gu , Serge Belongie , Ser-Nam Lim

Trajectory prediction systems are critical for autonomous vehicle safety, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can cause catastrophic traffic behavior misinterpretations. Existing attack methods require white-box access with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Jiaxiang Li , Jun Yan , Daniel Watzenig , Huilin Yin

A single perturbation can pose the most natural images to be misclassified by classifiers. In black-box setting, current universal adversarial attack methods utilize substitute models to generate the perturbation, then apply the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Jing Wu , Mingyi Zhou , Shuaicheng Liu , Yipeng Liu , Ce Zhu

Black box attacks, where adversaries have limited knowledge of the target model, pose a significant threat to machine learning systems. Adversarial examples generated with a substitute model often suffer from limited transferability to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bar Avraham , Yisroel Mirsky

Test-time adaptation (TTA) effectively counters distribution shifts but exposes models to adversarial manipulation via the unlabeled test stream. Existing class-wise targeted attacks remain impractical for stealthy exploitation in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Phuc Duc Nguyen , Quang Duc Nguyen

Many optimization methods for generating black-box adversarial examples have been proposed, but the aspect of initializing said optimizers has not been considered in much detail. We show that the choice of starting points is indeed crucial,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Thomas Brunner , Frederik Diehl , Alois Knoll