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Connecting multiple smaller qubit modules by generating high-fidelity entangled states is a promising path for scaling quantum computing hardware. The performance of such a modular quantum computer is highly dependent on the quality and…

As quantum devices continue to scale, distributed quantum computing emerges as a promising strategy for executing large-scale tasks across modular quantum processors. A central challenge in this paradigm is verifying the correctness of…

The performance of a wide range of quantum computing algorithms and protocols depends critically on the fidelity and speed of the employed qubit readout. Examples include gate sequences benefiting from mid-circuit, real-time,…

Three-dimensional device integration facilitates the construction of superconducting quantum information processors with more than several tens of qubits by distributing elements such as control wires, qubits, and resonators between…

In the scaling development of quantum computers, the calibration process emerges as a critical challenge. Existing calibration methods, utilizing the same pulse waveform for two-qubit gates across the device, overlook hardware differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Yuchen Zhu , Jinglei Cheng , Boxi Li , Yidong Zhou , Yufei Ding , Zhiding Liang

Realizing the full potential of quantum computing requires large-scale quantum computers capable of running quantum error correction (QEC) to mitigate hardware errors and maintain quantum data coherence. While quantum computers operate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Chaithanya Naik Mude , Satvik Maurya , Benjamin Lienhard , Swamit Tannu

Near-term quantum computers are limited by the decoherence of qubits to only being able to run low-depth quantum circuits with acceptable fidelity. This severely restricts what quantum algorithms can be compiled and implemented on such…

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems that are intractable for classical computers, such as factoring large numbers and simulating quantum systems. To date, research in quantum computer engineering has focused primarily at…

Building a quantum computer is a daunting challenge since it requires good control but also good isolation from the environment to minimize decoherence. It is therefore important to realize quantum gates efficiently, using as few operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-28 T. Bækkegaard , L. B. Kristensen , N. J. S. Loft , C. K. Andersen , D. Petrosyan , N. T. Zinner

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

Quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capabilities but faces significant challenges, including limited qubit counts, diverse hardware topologies, and dynamic noise and error rates, which hinder scalability and reliability.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Zefan Du , Pedro Chumpitaz Flores , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Kaixun Hua , Ying Mao

Scalable quantum information processing with integrated photonics requires quantum logic operations with high fidelity and robustness. Directional couplers, the fundamental elements enabling quantum interference and logic operations, are…

The spin states of single electrons in gate-defined quantum dots satisfy crucial requirements for a practical quantum computer. These include extremely long coherence times, high-fidelity quantum operation, and the ability to shuttle…

The path toward practical superconducting quantum processors requires the integration of a large number of high-performance qubits. Modular architectures could offer a way to address the scaling limitations of monolithic designs by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Peng Zhao , Peng Xu , Zheng-Yuan Xue

As quantum processors grow, new performance benchmarks are required to capture the full quality of the devices at scale. While quantum volume is an excellent benchmark, it focuses on the highest quality subset of the device and so is unable…

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

Inter-qubit coupling and qubit connectivity in a processor are crucial for achieving high fidelity multi-qubit gates and efficient implementation of quantum algorithms. Typical superconducting processors employ relatively weak transverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Tanay Roy , Madhavi Chand , Anirban Bhattacharjee , Sumeru Hazra , Suman Kundu , Kedar Damle , R. Vijay

Increasing connectivity and decreasing qubit-state delocalization without compromising the speed and accuracy of elementary gate operations are topical challenges in the development of large-scale superconducting quantum computers. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Tuure Orell , Hao Hsu , Joona Andersson , Jani Tuorila , Frank Deppe , Hsiang-Sheng Ku

Accurate and precise control of large quantum systems is paramount to achieve practical advantages on quantum devices. Therefore, benchmarking the hardware errors in quantum computers has drawn significant attention lately. Existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana